青海高原栽培羊肚菌营养和氨基酸特征分析及综合评价  

Analysis and Comprehensive Evaluation of Nutritional and Amino Acid Characteristics of Morchella Cultivated in Qinghai Plateau

作　　者：陈万超[1] 李文[1] 陈辉[1] 张津京[1] 唐利华[1] 吴迪[1] 张忠[1] 杨焱[1] CHEN Wanchao;LI Wen;CHEN Hui;ZHANG Jinjing;TANG Lihua;WU Di;ZHANG Zhong;YANG Yan(Institute of Edible Fungi,Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization(South),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,P.R.China,National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi,Shanghai 201403,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市农业科学院食用菌研究所,农业农村部南方食用菌资源利用重点实验室,国家食用菌工程技术研究中心,上海201403

出　　处：《食用菌学报》2024年第2期64-75,共12页Acta Edulis Fungi

基　　金：上海市科技兴农项目(2021-02-08-00-12-F00786)。

摘　　要：为探究高原地区栽培羊肚菌(Morchella spp.)的营养品质,以海拔3 570 m栽培的3个六妹羊肚菌(M. sextelata)品种(M6、HB-8和HB-5)子实体(高原栽培羊肚菌)为主,对比同地域野生样品及湖北栽培的相同品种样品(平原栽培羊肚菌),分析粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗多糖、灰分、粗纤维、矿质元素、维生素和氨基酸等营养成分的差异。结果显示:当品种相同时,与平原栽培羊肚菌相比,高原栽培羊肚菌的粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量显著上升,灰分含量显著下降,粗纤维含量显著降低(除M6外);K和Fe含量均显著降低;维生素B6、维生素B2、维生素B9、维生素D、维生素E含量显著降低,维生素B1含量显著升高;总氨基酸含量、总必需氨基酸含量及总必需氨基酸占总氨基酸含量均显著上升。高原栽培羊肚菌的必需氨基酸指数(IAAI)明显高于平原栽培羊肚菌,更接近于FAO/WHO标准蛋白,且其生物价(BV)更高。关联性分析表明,羊肚菌中维生素B6、维生素B9(叶酸)、维生素D和维生素E含量与总必需氨基酸含量呈极显著负相关,维生素B6与粗多糖含量存在显著正相关。热图-聚类分析结果表明,高原栽培羊肚菌蛋白营养价值突出,而平原栽培羊肚菌矿质元素含量较高。营养品质综合评价结果表明,高原栽培羊肚菌样品评分结果明显均优于相同品种的平原栽培样品。In order to explore the nutritional quality of cultivated Morchella in high-altitude areas,three varieties of M.sextelata,M6,HB-8 and HB-5,were cultivated in Qinghai Plateau(altitude of 3570 m),and the resultant fruiting bodies were labeled as GYM6,GYHB8 and GYHB5,respectively.They were compared with a wild Morchella sample(GYYS)from the same high-altitude region and fruiting bodies of M6,HB-8 and HB-5 cultivated in Hubei Plain(labeled as PYM6,PYHB8 and PYHB5 respectively)for crude protein,crude fat,crude polysaccharide,ash,crude fiber,mineral elements,vitamins,and amino acids.The results showed that for the same variety,fruiting bodies cultivated at high altitude(GYM6,GYHB8 and GYHB5)contained a lower content of ash and higher contents of crude protein and crude fat than those cultivated in plain region(PYM6,PYHB8 and PYHB5).Compared with PYHB8 and PYHB5,GYHB8 and GYHB5 also contained significantly less crude fiber.For minerals and vitamins,GYM6,GYHB8 and GYHB5 contained significantly lower contents of K,Fe,VB6,VB9(folic acid),VD and VE than those of PYM6,PYHB8 and PYHB5.In contrast,GYM6,GYHB8 and GYHB5 contained significantly more VB1 compared with PYM6,PYHB8 and PYHB5.The contents of total amino acids,total indispensable amino acids and the ratio of total indispensable amino acids in total amino acids in GYM6,GYHB8 and GYHB5 all increased significantly compared with those of PYM6,PYHB8 and PYHB5.The indispensable amino acid index of morel fruiting bodies cultivated at high altitude was significantly greater than that of fruiting bodies cultivated in plain,more resembling the FAO/WHO standard with a higher biological value(BV).There was a an extremely significant negative correlation between contents of vitamins,i.e.VB6,VB9,VD and VE,and total indispensable amino acids content,and a significant positive correlation between VB6 content and crude polysaccharide content.Heatmap cluster analysis showed that the tested Morchella species had outstanding nutritional value when cultivated in Qinghai Plateau,while they

关 键 词：羊肚菌 高原 营养评价 氨基酸评价 主成分分析 隶属函数 

分 类 号：S646.7[农业科学—蔬菜学]