草莓移栽机设计与试验  

Design and Experiment of Strawberry Transplanter

作　　者：刘育彤 胡建平[1] 张永辉 徐华岗 刘伟 韩绿化 任晨晟 Liu Yutong;Hu Jianping;Zhang Yonghui;Xu Huagang;Liu Wei;Han Lvhua;Ren Chensheng(Institute of Agricultural Engineering,Jiangsu University,Zhenjiang 212013,China;Jiangsu Xintian Machinery Manufacturing Co.Ltd.,Zhenjiang 212013,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏大学农业工程学院,江苏镇江212013 [2]江苏欣田机械制造有限公司,江苏镇江212013

出　　处：《农机化研究》2024年第6期162-169,共8页Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research

基　　金：江苏省现代农机装备与技术示范推广项目(NJ2021-09)。

摘　　要：针对草莓移栽机械化水平低、人工栽植劳动强度大、效率低等问题,设计了一款针对设施高起垄、人机协同作业的草莓移栽机。整机主要由电动底盘、打穴机构、转向机构及操控系统等组成,底盘采用前轮转向、后轮驱动、直流无刷电机定速控制底盘的设计方案,草莓定向栽植采用曲柄滑块双行打穴、人工取苗并识别苗弓背方向再对穴放苗覆土的设计方案。基于多体系统动力学仿真软件RecurDyn对打穴机构进行运动学仿真分析,得到打穴器末端速度、位移、加速度曲线;采用培育时间8周左右的草莓裸根苗,以不同株距下草莓苗漏栽率、埋苗率露苗率、移栽合格率、株距变异系数、株距合格率为评价指标进行田间试验。试验结果表明:当栽植效率为15株/(min·行),株距为150、200、250mm时,株距变异系数、漏栽率、埋苗率、露苗率均小于5%,株距合格率均在95%以上,移栽合格率均在90%以上,符合行业标准,作业效率和栽植质量均比人工栽植提高3倍左右。Aiming at the problems of low mechanization level,high labor intensity and low efficiency of strawberry transplanting,a strawberry transplanter with high ridging and man-machine cooperation was designed.The whole machine is mainly composed of electric chassis,hole drilling mechanism,steering mechanism and control system.The chassis adopts the design scheme of front wheel steering,rear wheel drive and constant speed control chassis of DC brushless motor.The directional planting of strawberries adopts the design scheme of double row hole drilling with crank slider,manual seedling picking and identifying the direction of the bow back of the seedlings,and then putting the seedlings into the holes and covering the soil.Based on the multi-body system dynamics simulation software RecurDyn,the kinematics simulation analysis of the punching mechanism is carried out,and the end velocity,displacement and acceleration curves of the punching device are obtained;The strawberry bare root seedlings were cultivated for about 8 weeks.The field experiment was carried out with the missing planting rate,buried seedling rate,exposed seedling rate,transplanting qualified rate,variation coefficient of plant spacing and qualified rate of plant spacing under different plant spacing as the evaluation indexes.The test results show that when the planting efficiency is 15 plants/min·row-1 and the plant spacing is 150mm,200mm and 250mm,the variation coefficient of plant spacing,missed planting rate,buried seedling rate and exposed seedling rate are less than 5%,the qualified rate of plant spacing is more than 95%,and the qualified rate of transplanting is more than 90%,which meets the industry standard.The operation efficiency and planting quality are about 3 times higher than that of manual planting.

关 键 词：草莓移栽机 打穴机构 RECURDYN 

分 类 号：S223.92[农业科学—农业机械化工程]