连续分布电荷体系电荷元的自能问题  

Self-Energy Issue of Charge Element in a Continuously Distributed Charge System

作　　者：付全红[1] 常健 郑建邦[1] FU Quanhong;CHANG Jian;ZHENG Jianbang(School of Physical Science and Technology,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi′an,Shaanxi 710129)

机构地区：[1]西北工业大学物理科学与技术学院,陕西西安710129

出　　处：《物理通报》2024年第4期131-135,共5页Physics Bulletin

基　　金：西北工业大学教育教学改革研究项目,项目编号:2023JGY30,2022JGY27,2023JGWG07。

摘　　要：连续分布电荷体系可分割为无穷多个电荷元,系统研究了电荷元的自能问题.利用均匀带电球体和均匀带电圆面的自能公式和夹逼定理,分两步严格证明了连续分布电荷体系电荷元的自能之和为零.第一步,证明自由电荷体系电荷元的自能之和为零;第二步,证明一般电荷体系电荷元的自能之和为零.因此,连续分布电荷体系的电场能就等于电荷元之间的相互作用能.The continuously distributed charge system can be divided into infinitely many charge elements,and the self-energy issue of charge element is systematically investigated.By using the self-energy formula of uniformly charged sphere and disk and squeeze theorem,it is strictly proved that the sum of the self-energy of the charge elements of the continuously distributed charge system is zero in two steps:firstly,it is proved that the sum of the self-energy of the charge elements of the free charge system is zero;secondly,it is proved that the sum of the self-energy of the charge elements of the general charge system is zero.Therefore,the electric field energy of continuously distributed charge system is equal to the interaction energy between charge elements.

关 键 词：电场能 自能 相互作用能 电荷元 夹逼定理 

分 类 号：O441.1[理学—电磁学]