2023年泸州市454名65岁及以上农村老年人膳食质量评价  

Evaluating the dietary quality of 454 rural elderly aged 65 years and above in Luzhou City in 2023

作　　者：孔源 张雪 李泽甜 且亚玲 张梁川 彭亚婷 贾红 Kong Yuan;Zhang Xue;Li Zetian;Qie Yaling;Zhang Liangchuan;Peng Yating;Jia Hong(School of Public Health,Southwest Medical University,Luzhou 646000,China;Southwest Medical University Healthcare Big Data Collaboration Center,Luzhou 646000,China)

机构地区：[1]西南医科大学公共卫生学院,泸州646000 [2]西南医科大学国家健康医疗大数据协作中心,泸州646000

出　　处：《卫生研究》2024年第2期223-228,共6页Journal of Hygiene Research

基　　金：达能营养中心膳食营养研究与宣教基金(No.DIC2019-10)。

摘　　要：目的评价65岁及以上农村老年人的膳食质量。方法于2023年2—3月,采取方便抽样方法,选取泸州市某乡镇454名65岁及以上的农村老年人,膳食调查采用半定量食物频率问卷,以面对面访谈方式收集问卷信息。使用膳食平衡指数-16评价其膳食质量。结果该地区老年人群膳食中度和高度失衡人数占比79.7%;膳食摄入不足和摄入过量同时存在。谷薯类和畜禽肉类食物平均每日摄入量为356.7 g和76.2 g。水果、奶类和鱼虾摄入每日平均摄入量分别为22.8 g、36 g和3.7 g,仅为推荐量的10%。此外,食物多样性程度也比较低,平均每日摄入的食物种类大多数为5~8种,仅有4.6%的老年人达到8种以上。该地区农村老年人存在一定程度的摄入不足、严重摄入不足、一定程度的摄入过量以及摄入不足和摄入过量等7种膳食模式。其中主要以严重摄入不足模式和一定程度摄入不足和较高程度摄入过量模式为主,占总人数的72.3%。结论2023年泸州市农村65岁及以上老年人存在膳食失衡较为严重,蔬菜、水果和奶类以及水产品和蛋类的摄入不足的比例较高,畜禽肉类和谷薯类摄入过量。OBJECTIVE To evaluate the dietary quality of the rural elderlyaged 65 years and above.METHODS In February-March 2023,a convenience samplingmethod was adopted to select 454 rural elderly aged 65 years and above in a township ofLuzhou City.The dietary survey was conducted using a semi-quantitative food frequencyquestionnaire(FFQ-25),and the questionnaire information was collected by face-to-faceinterviews.Dietary quality was evaluated using the Dietary Balance Index-16(DBI-16)score.RESULTS The proportion of older people in the region with moderate and highdietary imbalances was 79.7%.Inadequate and excessive dietary intake coexisted.Theaverage daily intake of cereals and potatoes and livestock and meat foods were 356.7 g and 76.2 g,exceeding the recommended intake.The average daily intake of fruit,milk andfish and shrimp intake was 22.8 g,36 g and 3.7 g,respectively,which was only 10%ofthe recommended amount,and the intake was seriously insufficient.In addition,thedegree of food diversity is relatively low,with most of the average daily intake of food typesranging from five to eight,and only 4.6%of the elderly having more than eight.A total ofseven dietary patterns were found among the rural elderly in the region,including a certaindegree of under-consumption pattern,a severe under-consumption pattern,a certaindegree of over-consumption pattern,and a pattern of both under-consumption and overconsumption.That was dominated by the pattern of severe underconsumption and thepattern of some degree of underconsumption and higher degree of overconsumption,whichaccounted for 72.3%of the total.CONCLUSION The rural elderly aged 65 years andabove in Luzhou City have a serious dietary imbalance,with a high proportion ofinsufficient intake of vegetables,fruits and milk,as well as aquatic products and eggs;and excessive intake of livestock,poultry,meat and cereals and potatoes.

关 键 词：膳食平衡指数 膳食质量 农村 老年人 

分 类 号：R151[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学] R153[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]