保障不登校儿童受教育权:日本自由学校制度化发展探索  

Ensuring the Right to Education for Non-attending Children:An Exploration of the Institutional Development of Free Schools in Japan

作　　者：尹力[1] 许文娟 YIN Li;XU Wenjuan(Faculty of Education,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学教育学部,北京100875

出　　处：《比较教育研究》2024年第3期3-11,32,共10页International and Comparative Education

摘　　要：日本的自由学校是专门为不登校儿童创建的校外教育场所。自由学校主张儿童拒绝上学不是一种病,在对不登校儿童进行去污名化价值建构的同时,开展了灵活多样的教育实践,在保障不登校儿童受教育权方面发挥着独特作用。20世纪80年代以来,自由学校由民间教育设施逐渐发展为专门化法人,成为重要的教育服务提供主体。2016年,日本出台的《义务教育阶段同等教育机会确保法》明确了对不登校儿童的支援将不再以儿童复学为前提。该法颁布后,改革学校教育、健全校外多样化教育形式等整体性支援措施逐步推进。自由学校的未来发展既需要确保多样化教育的平权性,处理好自由学校与一般学校的关系,也要求其自身坚守以更好地服务不登校儿童为旨归,实现高质量发展。The free schools in Japan are educational facilities specifically established for children who do not attend regular schools.They advocate that school refusal is not a disease and,while destigmatizing school non-attendance,they engage in flexible and diverse educational practices,playing a unique role in ensuring the right to education for non-attending children.Since the 1980s,free schools have gradually evolved from grassroots educational facilities into specialized legal entities,becoming important providers of educational services.Particularly,"The Law on Ensuring Educational Opportunities Equivalent to Compulsory Education"enacted in 2016 clearly states that support for non-attending children will no longer be conditional on their return to regular schools.Consequently,comprehensive support measures are being implemented,including reforms to school education and the enhancement of diverse extracurricular educational forms.The future development of free schools not only requires the state to ensure equitable access to diverse education and manage the relationship between free schools and regular schools but also demands that free schools adhere to their mission of better serving nonattending children and achieving high-quality development.

关 键 词：自由学校 不登校儿童 受教育权 多样化教育 非营利法人 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]