高等学校科学研究与人才培养能够再次确保美国繁荣吗——《2022年芯片与科学法案》对美国高等教育与国家安全影响解析  

Can Research and Talent Cultivation in Higher Education Institutions Once Again Ensure the Prosperity of the United States?——Analysis of Impacts of Chips and Science Act of 2022 on American Higher Education and National Security

作　　者：谷贤林[1] 王垚赟 GU Xianlin;WANG Yaoyun(Institute of International and Comparative Education,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学国际与比较教育研究院,北京100875

出　　处：《比较教育研究》2024年第3期63-73,共11页International and Comparative Education

基　　金：北京市教育科学“十三五”规划2020年度重点课题“北京打造国际高等教育枢纽研究”(项目编号:BBAA2020028)。

摘　　要：《2022年芯片与科学法案》旨在提高美国科技创新能力,维持和巩固美国科技和经济在全球的领先优势,是一部被美国人认为具有里程碑意义的法案。法案中与高等教育相关的内容包括强化STEM人才培养、大力支持高等学校科技研发和科研成果转化等。在该法案的影响下,美国高等学校与国家利益进一步深度捆绑,有组织科研成为高水平大学知识生产与科学研究的主导模式,美国不同区域高等教育发展趋向均衡,高等学校自治被进一步侵蚀。这些将成为今后相当长时间内美国高等教育发展的特点。The Chips and Science Act of 2022 aims to enhance America's technological innovation capabilities,maintain and consolidate America's leading edge in technology and economy globally,and is considered as a milestone by Americans.The content related to higher education in the Act,including strengthening STEM talent cultivation,vigorously supporting scientific research and development in higher education institutions,and the transformation of research results.Under the influence of the Act,American higher education institutions will be further deeply tied to national interests;Organized scientific research has become the leading mode of knowledge production and scientific research in high-level universities;The trend towards balanced development of higher education in different regions of the United States and the further weakening of autonomy in higher education institutions will become the characteristics of the development of higher education in the United States for a considerable period of time in the future.

关 键 词：《2022年芯片与科学法案》 美国高等教育 有组织科研 

分 类 号：G419.712[文化科学—教育学]