朱熹与王阳明为学之法的哲学追寻  

The Philosophical Pursuits in Zhu Xi and Wang Yangming's Way of Learning

作　　者：欧阳祯人[1] Ouyang Zhenren

机构地区：[1]武汉大学中国传统文化研究中心

出　　处：《国际儒学论丛》2023年第2期212-226,293,共16页International Tribune of Confucian Studies

基　　金：2022年度国家社科基金冷门绝学专项学术团队项目“钱绪山学派、龙溪学派与近溪学派文献整理及思想研究”(22VJXT001)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：朱熹坚守的是正统的为学之法,强调为学当从读书开始,但又指出,读书是为学的“第二义”,第一义是志在圣贤。这样的思想切中了时代的弊端。在为学的终极目标上,他与王阳明并无二致。但是,在为学的“工夫”上,朱熹是“推极吾之知识,欲其所知无不尽”,以期最后豁然贯通。王阳明则认为应该更加重视良知本体的培护,否则,一切的读书学习都将因为现实的诱惑而成为“义袭而取”,最后都会陷入招摇撞骗,害人害己。王阳明传承了孟子人性本善的思想,为学的过程就是致良知的过程,提出了坚守“诚”“减”“纯”的为学路径而直指人心。这种针对时弊的精一之功,是对每一个生命个体特殊的尊重、悲悯、拯救和勉励,在中国哲学史上翻开了新的一页。Zhu Xi emphasized a traditional learning method that learning should begin with reading.He also believed that reading was a second-class way,while aspiring to be a saint was the first-class way.Although Zhu Zi and Wang Yangming shared the same ultimate goal,Zhu paid more attention to learning from facts while Wang paid more attention to conscience.If it was not based on conscience,Wang Yangming held that all learning would only have legitimacy,not morality.Wang inherited Mencius's theory of good nature,believed that learning was the process of conscience,and put forward three ways of learning,namely,honesty,putting down and purity.Wang Yangming's thought conformed to the essence of human life and contained respect,compassion and salvation for life,which marked the advent of a new era in the history of Chinese philosophy.

关 键 词：朱熹 王阳明 为学之法 精一之功 

分 类 号：B24[哲学宗教—中国哲学]