挖掘机负载敏感液压系统电控节能方案研究  

Research on Energy-saving Scheme for Electronic Control of Load-sensitive Hydraulic System of Excavator

作　　者：明巧红 王阳阳[1] Ming Qiaohong;Wang Yangyang

机构地区：[1]同济大学汽车学院

出　　处：《工程机械》2024年第3期181-188,I0019,共9页Construction Machinery and Equipment

摘　　要：液压挖掘机作为一种性能良好的工程机械,在工程建设中得到了极其广泛的应用,但油耗高、效率低一直是传统液压挖掘机面临的不容忽视的问题。将液压系统元件由液控改为电控,有助于提升液压系统的工作效率。分析了挖掘机液压系统功率损失的主要形式:发动机-主泵匹配、泵阀匹配(单动作)、泵阀匹配(复合动作)、泵阀匹配(无动作),并以某小型挖掘机为对象,对其电控系统的开发提出了6种方案:1)保留所有补偿阀,补偿阀实现压力补偿;2)保留行走、动臂补偿阀及行走液控,增加传感器实现压力补偿;3)保留行走、动臂补偿阀及行走液控,预设优先级实现压力补偿;4)保留斗杆、铲斗补偿阀,现有传感器及补偿阀实现压力补偿;5)取消所有补偿阀,增加传感器实现压力补偿;6)取消所有补偿阀,预设优先级实现压力补偿。As a kind of construction machinery with good performance,hydraulic excavators have been widely used in engineering construction,but high fuel consumption and low efficiency have always been the non-negligible problems faced by traditional hydraulic excavators.Changing the hydraulic system components from hydraulic control to electronic control helps to improve the efficiency of the hydraulic system.The main forms of power loss in the hydraulic system of excavators are analyzed,including engine-main pump matching,pump-valve matching(single action),pump-valve matching(composite action)and pump-valve matching(no action).With a small excavator as an object,six schemes are proposed for the development of its electronic control system:1)retaining all compensation valves to achieve pressure compensation;2)retaining the travelling and boom compensation valves and hydraulic control for travelling,and adding sensors to achieve pressure compensation;3)retaining the travelling and boom compensation valves and hydraulic control for travelling,and presetting priority to achieve pressure compensation;4)retaining the arm and bucket compensation valves,and the existing sensors and compensation valves to achieve pressure compensation;5)cancelling all compensation valves,and adding sensors to achieve pressure compensation;6)cancelling all compensation valves,and presetting priority to achieve pressure compensation.

关 键 词：液压挖掘机 能量损耗 电控 节能 

分 类 号：TU621[建筑科学—建筑技术科学]