食品中后生元的研发和应用研究进展  

Research Progress on Development and Application of Postbiotic in Foods

作　　者：张明[1] 孙宇航 ZHANG Ming;SUN Yuhang(School of Food and Health,Beijing Technology and Business University,Beijing 100048,China)

机构地区：[1]北京工商大学食品与健康学院,北京100048

出　　处：《食品科学技术学报》2024年第2期19-31,共13页Journal of Food Science and Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFF1104501);国家乳业技术创新中心项目(2022-科研公关-6);北京市教委-市自然基金联合资助项目(23JF0006)。

摘　　要：后生元概念将原本混乱的灭活益生菌概念进行了统一,引起了更广泛的关注。目前,可制备后生元的菌株仍以传统益生菌为主,但随着下一代益生菌研究的深入,符合后生元概念的菌株也不断更新。首先,介绍了后生元最主要的健康功效是改善肠道健康,包括缓解肠道炎症、改善肠道菌群、缓解便秘等。其次,阐释了后生元还能够作用于其他组织,发挥改善代谢异常、维护口腔健康等功能。功效因子的揭示是阐明后生元多样化功能的关键。传统认为功效组分主要是细菌结构组分,如胞外多糖、肽聚糖等,然而近年来的研究证实短链脂肪酸、胞内蛋白、氨基酸代谢物等也发挥了重要的作用,后生元也被认为是多种功效组分的集合体。这也意味着它能够同时激活多类别的细胞表面受体,引发协同效应或交叉反应,从而发挥更直接、更广泛的生物活性作用。最后阐述了,从产业化角度,后生元有安全性更高、储运更方便、作用更直接等独特的优势,在功能性膳食补充剂、食品品质改良剂、防腐剂等方面具有很好的应用前景。但是,在产业转化过程中也出现了一些问题和困难,主要集中在后生元功效循证并不充分,配套的安全评估方法、定性定量检测方法欠缺、法律法规缺乏支撑等方面。The postbiotic concept had unified the original confusing concept of inactivated probiotics and attracted wider attention.Currently,postbiotics were mainly prepared by traditional probiotics,but as the research on next-generation probiotics intensifies,the strains that fit the postbiotic concept are constantly being updated.First of all,improving intestinal health was the most important health effect of postbiotics,including relieving intestinal inflammation,modulating intestinal microbiome,and relieving constipation.Secondly,this paper explained that postbiotics could also act on other tissues to improve metabolic abnormalities,maintain oral health and play other functions.The revelation of bioactive components was the key to elucidating the diverse functions of postbiotics.Traditionally,it was believed that the bioactive components were mainly bacterial structural components,such as extracellular polysaccharides and peptidoglycan,and etc..However,recent studies had confirmed that short-chain fatty acids,intracellular proteins,amino acid metabolites,and etc.,also played an important role,and that postbiotics were also considered to be a collection of multiple efficacy components.This also meant that it could activate multiple cell surface receptors at the same time,triggering synergistic effects or cross-reactions,thus exerting a more direct and wider range of bioactive effects.Finally,from the perspective of industrialization,postbiotic had unique advantages such as higher safety,more convenient storage and transportation,more direct action,and etc.,and had a very good application prospect in functional dietary supplements,food quality improvers,preservatives,and etc..There were some problems and difficulties in the process of industrialization,such as the insufficient evidence for efficacy of postbiotic,the lack of supporting safety assessment methods,qualitative and quantitative testing methods,and the lack of legal and regulatory support.

关 键 词：后生元 肠道健康 菌群调节 代谢异常 健康效应 

分 类 号：TS201.3[轻工技术与工程—食品科学]