政策工具视角下我国义务教育阶段学生减负政策量化分析  

A Quantitative Analysis of Policy for Reducing Students’Excessive Academic Burden at the Compulsory Education Stage in China from the Perspective of Policy Tools

作　　者：马珂俊 陶红茹 MA Kejun;TAO Hongru(School of Law and Politics,Hebei GEO University,Shijiazhuang,Hebei 050031,China;RegionalInstitutions Research Center,Hebei GEO University,Shijiazhuang,Hebei 050031,China)

机构地区：[1]河北地质大学法政学院,河北石家庄050031 [2]河北地质大学区域制度研究中心,河北石家庄050031

出　　处：《成都师范学院学报》2024年第2期46-55,共10页Journal of Chengdu Normal University

基　　金：2021年度教育部人文社会科学研究项目(21YJA810009)。

摘　　要：按照政策从发布到贯彻执行、再到政策执行过程中出现问题以出台更多的政策,据此形成一个政策阶段的原则,并以义务教育阶段学生减负政策数量的突然变化及义务教育阶段标志性减负政策文件的出台等为时间节点,将2014—2022年间我国义务教育阶段学生减负政策的发展分为3个阶段。通过构建政策工具-政策执行主体二维分析框架,对在此期间颁布的29项学生减负专项政策进行编码分析。结果发现:义务教育阶段学生减负政策的政策工具结构不科学,主要表现在象征和劝诫工具使用过多、能力建设工具和激励工具使用较少等方面;不同政策执行主体的政策供给结构不合理,主要表现在涉及政府的政策过多、涉及学校和家长的政策总量偏少、涉及培训机构的减负政策有待优化等方面。因此,应进一步调整政策工具结构并针对不同政策执行主体调整政策供给安排以促进减负政策落地。In accordance with the principle that a policy is formed into a policy phase according to the principle that a policy is formed from its release to its implementation and then to the emergence of problems in the process of policy implementation for the introduction of more policies,and taking the sudden change in the number of policies for reducing students’excessive academic burden at the compulsory education stage and the introduction of the key literature of policies for reducing excessive academic burden at the compulsory education stage as the time points,the development of policies for reducing students’excessive academic burden at China’s compulsory education stage in the period from 2014 to 2022 can be divided into 3 stages.A two-dimensional analytical framework of policy tools and policy implementers was constructed to code and analyze the 29 special policies for reducing students’burden enacted during this period.The study found that the structure of the policy tools at the compulsory education stage is unscientific,which is mainly manifested in the excessive use of symbols and exhortations and the low use of capacity building tools and incentives.The structure of the policy supply of different policy implementation entities is unreasonable,which is mainly manifested in the excessive number of policies related to the government,the low total number of policies related to the schools and parents,and the need for optimization of policies related to the training institutions.Therefore,the structure of policy instruments and policy supply arrangements for different policy implementation entities should be further adjusted to facilitate the implementation of policies for reducing academic burden.

关 键 词：“双减”政策 政策工具 义务教育阶段 学生减负政策 政策执行主体 政策文本 

分 类 号：G40-011.8[文化科学—教育学原理]