水环境和水产品中β-N-甲氨基-L-丙氨酸(BMAA)检测方法和检出情况的研究进展  

Research progress on detection methods and detection levels ofβ-N-methylamino-L-alanine(BMAA)in water environment and aquatic samples

作　　者：王琛 刘桂华[1] 秦逍云[1] 刘红河[1] 姜杰[1] 杨胜园[2] 袁冠湘 WANG Chen;LIU Guihua;QIN Xiaoyun;LIU Honghe;JIANG Jie;YANG Shengyuan;YUAN Guanxiang(ShenZhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shenzhen,518055,China;College of Public Health,University of South China,Hengyang,421001,China)

机构地区：[1]深圳市疾病预防控制中心,深圳518055 [2]南华大学公共卫生学院,衡阳421001

出　　处：《环境化学》2024年第3期864-874,共11页Environmental Chemistry

基　　金：国际原子能机构合作研究项目(CRP_D52044_24959);深圳市医学重点学科建设(SZXK066);深圳市“三名工程”项目(SZSM201811070)资助。

摘　　要：本文对蓝藻毒素β-N-甲氨基-L-丙氨酸(β-N-methylamino-L-alanine,BMAA)的结构形态、检测方法、环境和食物中的检出情况等方面进行系统综述.研究结果表明,BMAA主要存在3种赋存形态(游离态、溶解结合态、沉淀结合态);环境和食物中的BMAA类目前主要采用经过AQC衍生的LCMS/MS法检测,样品需经形态分离后、采用MCX固相萃取小柱处理.水环境、水产品和藻类保健品中BMAA类的污染已被大量报道.亚洲、北美洲、欧洲的相关环境和食物中均有一定的检出(检出浓度:水样<0.01—25.3μg·L^(-1);藻类<0.01—300μg·g^(-1);非鲨鱼水产品中0.08—115.3μg·g^(-1);藻类保健品中0.04—0.73μg·g^(-1)).BMAA存在生物积累和生物放大的现象,水产品中营养级别越高的生物检出浓度就越高,如鲨鱼类产品中检出浓度高达34—2011μg·g^(-1),需要引起重视.我国目前对BMAA的相关研究还很有限,未来应加强检测方法、现场调查、风险评估等相关方面的研究,以全面了解我国人群对BMAA类物质的暴露风险.This paper systematically reviewed the structure,morphology,detection methods,environment and the level ofβ-N-methylamino-L-alanine(BMAA)in environment and food samples.The results show that BMAA mainly exists in three forms,including free BMAA,soluble bound BMAA,and precipitated bound BMAA.Currently,BMAAs in the environment and food are mainly detected by the AQC-derived LC-MS/MS method.The samples need to be morphologically separated and processed with MCX solid phase extraction cartridges.The contamination of BMAA has been reported in the water environment,aquatic products and algae health products in Asia,North America and Europe,with the detectable concentrations of<0.01-25.3μg·L^(-1) in water samples,<0.01-300μg·g^(-1) in algae samples,0.08-115.3μg·g^(-1) in non-shark aquatic products and 0.04-0.73μg·g^(-1) in algal health products.Due to the bioaccumulation and biomagnification of BMAA,the aquatic products with higher nutrient levels showed higher concentrations.For example,the BMAA levels reported in the shark products were up to 34-2011μg·g^(-1).Therefore,more attentions should be paid to these animals.At present,the relevant researches on BMAA in our country are very limited.More efforts should be made in analytical method development,on-site investigation and risk assessments to comprehensively assess the exposure risk of Chinese population to BMAAs.

关 键 词：β-N-甲氨基-L-丙氨酸(BMAA) LC-MS/MS 水环境 水产品 藻类产品 

分 类 号：X830[环境科学与工程—环境工程]