镰刀菌属真菌毒素在植物和病原菌互作中的研究进展  

Research Progress on Fusarium Mycotoxins in Plant and Pathogen Interactions

作　　者：卓梦霞 刘思文 李春雨[2] 胡位荣[1] ZHUO Mengxia;LIU Siwen;LI Chunyu;HU Weirong(School of Life Sciences,Guangzhou University,Guangzhou 510006,China;Institute of Fruit Tree Research,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization of Southern Subtropical Fruit Trees,Ministry of Agriculture and Rual Aff airs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research,Guangzhou 510640,China)

机构地区：[1]广州大学生命科学学院,广东广州510006 [2]广东省农业科学院果树研究所/农业农村部南亚热带果树生物学与遗传资源利用重点实验室/广东省热带亚热带果树研究重点实验室,广东广州510640

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2024年第3期56-69,共14页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：广东省区域联合基金-重点项目(2019B1515120088);广东省农村科技特派员项目(2020);广东省农业科学院人才培养项目(R2022PY-QF002)。

摘　　要：镰刀菌是世界上最重要的植物病原菌之一,可影响植物的生长发育,严重威胁全球粮食安全和生物多样性。几乎所有的镰刀菌都会产生真菌毒素,其毒素种类多、毒性强,一方面可以作为致病因子之一参与镰刀菌的致病过程,另一方面可污染粮食和饲料,进而引起人类和动物的相关病症。已有研究表明,镰刀菌侵染植物后产生的不同种类真菌毒素不仅毒害植物细胞,引起植物组织的坏死,还会加速病原菌的侵染;同时,针对病原菌产生的毒素,植物会激活防御酶并启动防御相关基因的表达,或将致病毒素转化为无毒或低毒物质并转运到胞外,或通过分泌次生代谢物直接抑制病原菌毒素的生物合成。为全面解析镰刀菌毒素在病原菌侵染植物中的作用,提高植物对病原菌的抗性,该文综述了镰刀菌属真菌毒素的种类、毒性机理以及毒素在植物和病原菌互作中的作用,并讨论了植物对真菌毒素的防御反应策略,以期为镰刀菌毒素致病机制和病原菌防治策略研究提供参考。Fusarium is one of the most important plant pathogens in the world,affecting plant growth and development and posing a serious threat to global food security and biodiversity.Almost all Fusarium species produce fungal toxins,which are diverse and highly toxic.On the one hand,they can participate in the pathogenic process of Fusarium as one of the pathogenic factors,and on the other hand,they can contaminate food and feed,leading to related diseases in humans and animals.Previous studies have shown that different types of mycotoxins produced by Fusarium infection not only poison plant cells and cause necrosis of plant tissues,but also accelerate the infection of pathogenic fungi.At the same time,in response to the mycotoxins produced by pathogenic fungi,plants activate defense enzymes and initiate the expression of defense related genes,or convert the pathogenic factors into non-toxic or low toxic substances and transport them out of the cell,or directly inhibit the biosynthesis of pathogenic mycotoxins by secreting secondary metabolites.To comprehensively analyze the role of Fusarium mycotoxin in pathogen infection of plants and improve their resistance to pathogens,this article reviews the types,toxicity mechanisms,and roles of mycotoxins in the interaction between plants and pathogens in Fusarium.It also discusses the defense response strategies of plants to mycotoxins,with an aim to provide references for future research on the pathogenic mechanism and pathogen control strategies of Fusarium mycotoxins.

关 键 词：镰刀菌 真菌毒素 毒性机理 病原菌与植物互作 解毒酶 转运蛋白 次生代谢物 

分 类 号：S182[农业科学—农业基础科学] Q945.8[农业科学—植物病理学]