苹果果胶的理化特性、抗氧化及降血脂作用研究  

Physicochemical properties,antioxidant,and hypolipidemic effects of pectin from Malus pumila

作　　者：卢泳强 周朝曦 张丽丽 俞永婷 娜迪热木·肖克拉提 王新玲[1] 丛媛媛[1] LU Yongqiang;ZHOU Zhaoxi;ZHANG Lili;YU Yongting;NADIREMU·Xiaokelati;WANG Xinling;CONG Yuanyuan(College of Pharmacy,Xinjiang Medical University,Urumqi 830011,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆医科大学药学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《食品与发酵工业》2024年第7期61-68,共8页Food and Fermentation Industries

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区重点实验室项目(XJDX1713)。

摘　　要：探究苹果果胶(Malus pumila pectin,MP)的理化性质、抗氧化及降血脂作用。利用高效凝胶渗透色谱法测定其分子质量分布,并测定其半乳糖醛酸含量、酯化度、单糖组成等理化性质,采用红外光谱法推测可能存在的结构;体外抗氧化实验评价其抗氧化能力。通过高脂饮食诱导建立高脂血症大鼠模型,利用MP灌胃干预,测定各组大鼠体质量、血清脂质含量、血清抗氧化指标,观察肝脏病理变化情况。结果表明,MP分子质量主要分布在2~45 kDa,糖醛酸含量为66.51%、酯化度为13.43%,主要由鼠李糖、半乳糖醛酸、葡萄糖、半乳糖和阿拉伯糖组成,摩尔比为0.60∶9.35∶0.58∶1.14∶0.96;红外光谱分析表明MP具有典型的多糖类特征吸收峰,含有吡喃糖环,且具有一定的抗氧化活性。体内降血脂实验表明,MP能抑制高脂饮食大鼠体重的增长(P<0.05),降低因高脂饮食导致的血清甘油三酯、总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平的增加(P<0.05),升高高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平(P<0.05),提高大鼠抗氧化体系相关物质的水平(P<0.05),降低丙二醛水平(P<0.05),减轻高脂饮食导致的肝脏损伤。因此,该实验用MP是一种低酯化度的酸性多糖,抗氧化能力强,具有较好的降血脂活性。该研究结果旨在为商品化MP理化性质和生物活性的系统研究提供数据支持,对MP开发天然功能性产品提供思路。This study aimed to investigate the physicochemical properties,antioxidant,and hypolipidemic effects of pectin from Malus pumila(MP).The molecular weight distribution of pectin was determined by high-performance gel permeation chromatography,and its physical and chemical properties,such as galacturonic acid content,esterification degree,and monosaccharide composition were determined.The possible structures were predicted by infrared(IR)spectroscopy and the antioxidant capacity of pectin was evaluated by antioxidant test in vitro.The rats were fed a high-fat diet(HFD)to induce hyperlipidemia and gavaged with MP.Body mass,serum lipid content,serum antioxidant index,and liver pathological changes of rats in each group were measured.Results showed that the molecular weight of MP was mainly distributed in 2-45 kDa,the content of galacturonic acid was 66.51%and the degree of esterification was 13.43%.The molar ratio of rhamnose,galacturonic acid,glucose,galactose,and arabinose was 0.60∶9.35∶0.58∶1.14∶0.96.Infrared spectrum analysis showed that MP had typical characteristic absorption peaks of polysaccharides,contained a pyranose ring,and had certain antioxidant capacity.In vivo hypolipidemic experiments showed that MP could alleviate mass gain in HFD-fed rats(P<0.05),reduce the increase of serum total triglycerides,total cholesterol,and low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels caused by HFD(P<0.05),increase the level of high density lipoprotein cholesterol(P<0.05),and improve the antioxidant status(P<0.05).MP also decreased the content of malondialdehyde(P<0.05)and reduced liver injury caused by HFD.Therefore,MP is an acidic polysaccharide with a low esterification degree,which has a strong antioxidant capacity and a significant hypolipidemic effect.This study provides data support for the systematic study of the physical and chemical properties and biological activity of commercial MP,and to provide ideas for MP to develop natural functional products.

关 键 词：苹果 果胶 理化性质 抗氧化 降血脂 

分 类 号：TS255.1[轻工技术与工程—农产品加工及贮藏工程]