^(60)Co-γ射线辐照对雪茄烟叶发酵微生物和代谢物变化及烟叶质量的影响  

Effects of ^(60)Co-γray irradiation on microorganisms,metabolites and quality of cigar tobacco during the fermentation

作　　者：张蓝月 秦艳青[2] 赵园园 任梦娟 张瑞娜 史宏志[1] ZHANG Lanyue;QIN Yanqing;ZHAO Yuanyuan;REN Mengjuan;ZHANG Ruina;SHI Hongzhi(College of Tobacco Science/Research Center for Tobacco Harm Reduction,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002,China;Sichuan Provincial Tobacco Company,Chengdu 600041,China;Deyang Branch of Sichuan Provincial Tobacco Company,Deyang 618400,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学烟草学院/烟草农业减害研究中心,郑州450002 [2]四川省烟草公司,成都市600041 [3]四川省烟草公司德阳市公司,四川省德阳市618400

出　　处：《中国烟草学报》2024年第2期125-134,共10页Acta Tabacaria Sinica

基　　金：四川省烟草公司资助项目“优质雪茄烟叶发酵工艺优化及特色发酵技术开发”(SCYC202124)。

摘　　要：【目的】通过^(60)Co-γ射线辐照灭菌,明确微生物在雪茄烟叶发酵过程中的重要作用。【方法】以四川雪茄烟品种德雪1号为试验材料,以剂量10 kGy的^(60)Co-γ射线对发酵前烟叶进行辐照处理,测定分析发酵过程中烟叶微生物多样性、代谢组学、中性香气成分和常规化学成分含量。【结果】(1)辐照组烟叶发酵28 d样本经传统分离培养和Illumina MiSeq高通量测序均未发现细菌群落。(2)非靶向代谢组学结果显示,辐照组烟叶发酵28 d后芸香苷、根皮苷和山奈酚等多酚类物质,山奈酚-3-O-芸香糖苷等多酚糖苷类物质,二肽等含量高于未辐照组烟叶,而亮氨酸、L-丝氨酸和脯氨酸等氨基酸含量低于未辐照烟叶。KEGG富集差异显著的代谢通路是黄酮和黄酮醇生物合成通路与花生四烯酸代谢通路。(3)发酵28 d后,两组烟叶的生物碱、还原糖、总糖、淀粉和蛋白质含量均显著降低,辐照组烟叶发酵前后各指标的降幅小于未辐照烟叶。辐照组烟叶发酵28 d后中性香气成分总量显著低于未辐照烟叶,而棕色化反应产物总量显著增加,烟叶劲头、杂气、刺激性更大。【结论】对发酵前烟叶进行10 kGy^(60)Co-γ射线辐照可有效杀灭烟叶细菌,发酵28 d后大分子物质降解转化低于未辐照烟叶,感官质量增加幅度减小,但相比于发酵前仍有一定程度的改善。[Purpose]We used ^(60)Co-γrays to sterilize bacteria,clarifying the significant role of microorganisms in cigar tobacco leaf fermentation process.[Method]Cigar tobacco leaves of the Dexue No.1 variety were fermented following 10k Gy of ^(60)Co-γray irradiation.Microbial diversity,metabolomics,neutral aroma components,alkaloids,and other indices of cigar leaves were measured and analyzed during fermentation.[Results]1)No bacterial community was detected in irradiated cigar leaves fermented for 28 days,as determined by traditional isolation culture and Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing.2)Non-targeted metabonomics showed higher levels of polyphenols,such as rutin,astragaloside,phloridzin,kaempferol,kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside,and dipeptides in irradiated tobacco leaves after 28 days of fermentation compared to non-irradiated leaves..Meanwhile,levels of amino acids like leucine,L-serine,and proline were lower..Metabolic pathways showing significant differences in KEGG enrichment included flavonoid and flavonol biosynthesis,and arachidonic acid metabolism.3)After 28 days of fermentation,significant reductions were observed in total alkaloids,reducing sugars,total sugars,starch,and protein content in both groups of tobacco leaves.The decrease in these indicators was less pronounced in irradiated leaves compared to non-irradiated leaves.After 28 days of fermentation,irradiated leaves had significantly lower neutral aroma components but higher browning reaction products,resulting in greater vitality,impurities,and irritability in cigar leaves.[Conclusion]A 10kGy dose of^(60)Co-γray irradiation effectively sterilized the cigar leaves before fermentation.After 28 days of fermentation and transformation of macromolecules in irradiated leaves were lower than in non-irradiated leaves,leading to a reduced increase in sensory quality..Despite this,the quality of irradiated leaves still showed some improvement compared to non-fermented tobacco.

关 键 词：雪茄烟叶 ^(60)Co-γ射线 发酵 微生物 代谢组学 烟叶质量 

分 类 号：TS414[农业科学—烟草工业]