2017—2021年广州市市售鲜活淡水鱼禁用兽药检出情况分析  

Analysis on the detection of banned veterinary drugs in freshwater fish sold in Guangzhou from 2017 to 2021

作　　者：刘绮琪 张维蔚[2] 李燕[2] 王燕燕 刘览[2] 张玉华[2] LIU Qi-qi;ZHANG Wei-wei;LI Yan;WANG Yan-yan;LIU Lan;ZHANG Yu-hua(School of Basic Medicine and Public Health,Jinan University,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510630,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]暨南大学基础医学与公共卫生学院,广东广州510630 [2]广州市疾病预防控制中心食源性疾病和食品安全风险监测部,广东广州510440

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2024年第7期1314-1319,共6页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：广州市科技计划项目(2023A03J0935,202103000039)。

摘　　要：目的通过分析风险监测和监督抽检两种来源的检测数据了解广州市市售鲜活淡水鱼4种禁用兽药的检出情况,为食品安全监管提供参考依据。方法通过广州市食品安全风险监测系统和广州市市场监管局食品安全监督抽检公开信息报告,获取2017—2021年在广州市超市、市场、网络电商等环节采集的鲜活淡水鱼样品检测结果数据,进行硝基呋喃类药物、氯霉素、五氯酚酸钠和孔雀石绿类药物项目的检出情况分析。结果禁用兽药在风险监测样品中总检出率为35.30%(84/238),在监督抽检样品中总检出率为3.10%(118/3806)。两种数据来源检出率较高的禁用兽药不相同,风险监测为氯霉素和五氯酚酸钠,分别为17.23%(41/238)、17.23%(41/238),监督抽检则为孔雀石绿类药物,占2.18%(83/3806)。风险监测在网络电商环节采集的样品药物检出率为47.50%(19/40),在所有采样环节中最高;两种数据来源结果共同显示批发市场环节样品禁用兽药检出率偏高,分别为47.37%(18/38)、4.13%(5/121)。结论两种来源数据分析结果相互补充,共同揭示广州市2017—2021年市售鲜活淡水鱼存在禁用兽药残留问题,提示相关部门需加强对氯霉素、五氯酚酸钠和孔雀石绿类药物非法使用的关注和重视。Objective To understand the detection of four prohibited veterinary drugs of fresh and live freshwater fish sold in Guangzhou by analyzing the test data from risk monitoring and supervision sampling,so as to provide reference basis for food safety supervision.Methods Through the Guangzhou Food Safety Risk Monitoring system and the Food Safety Supervision and Inspection Public Information report of Guangzhou Market Administration,the test results of fresh water fish samples collected from supermarkets,markets,and online e-commerce in Guangzhou from 2017 to 2021 were obtained.The detection of nitrofuran drugs,chloramphenicol,sodium pentachloro phenate,and malachite green drugs were analyzed.Results The total detection rate of banned veterinary drugs in risk monitoring samples was 35.3%(84/238),and that in supervised sampling samples was 3.10%(118/3806).The banned veterinary drugs with high detection rates of the two data sources were different.The risk monitoring rates of chloramphenicol and sodium pentachloro phenate were 17.23%(41/238)and 17.23%(41/238),respectively,and that of malachite green was 2.18%(83/3806).The drug detection rate of the samples collected by risk monitoring in the network e-commerce link was 47.50%(19/40),which was the highest among all sampling links.The results of the two data sources showed that the detection rate of banned veterinary drugs in the wholesale market was high:47.37%(18/38)and 4.13%(5/121),respectively.Conclusion The results of data analysis from the two sources complement each other and jointly reveal the problem of banned veterinary drug residues in fresh freshwater fish sold in Guangzhou from 2017 to 2021.It is suggested that the relevant departments pay more attention to the illegal use of chloramphenicol,sodium pentachloro phenate,and malachite green drugs.

关 键 词：淡水鱼 氯霉素 五氯酚酸钠 孔雀石绿 禁用兽药 

分 类 号：R155.5[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]