技术理性批判的理路转向——从马尔库塞到哈贝马斯  

The Theoretical Turn in the Critique of Technological Rationality:from Marcuse to Habermas

作　　者：林子赛 戎兰兰 LIN Zisai;RONG Lanlan(School of Marxism Studies,Zhejiang Normal University,Jinhua,Zhejiang,China,321004)

机构地区：[1]浙江师范大学马克思主义学院,浙江金华321004

出　　处：《贵州大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第2期10-17,共8页Journal of Guizhou University(Social Sciences)

摘　　要：在资本主义发展进程中,科学技术逐渐成为全新的“理性”统治方式并在晚期资本主义社会中异化为一种“意识形态”。从马尔库塞等早期批判理论到哈贝马斯及其交往行为理论,技术理性批判在转向过程中显露出一定的逻辑困境。马尔库塞在以往意识形态批判的基础上试图构建具有否定维度的“新理性”以消解异化现实;哈贝马斯则在继承科技意识形态批判的同时以“生活世界殖民化”为切入点,以语言为中介重建“交往理性”限制工具理性扩张。然而,哈贝马斯同样未能正确认识技术理性内在的“工具性”和“价值性”的双重属性,脱离现实制度和生产关系单纯否定技术理性,使批判的总体理路向对技术本身的否定滑坡,其理想的话语状态也只能是乌托邦式的愿景。Science and technology have gradually become a new way of ruling“rationality”in the development of capitalist society,and have been alienated into an“ideology”in the late capitalist society.From early critical theorists such as Marcuse to Habermas and his theory of communicative action,the critique of technological rationality reveals certain logical dilemmas in its turn.On the basis of the critical theories of the previous critical theories of ideology,Marcuse tries to construct a new rationality with a negative dimension to dissolve the alienated reality;Habermas,inheriting the critique of technological ideology,starts from“colonization of the lifeworld”to propose to use language as the mediator to rebuild communicative rationality so as to limit the expansion of instrumental rationality.However,Habermas also fails to correctly understand the dual attributes of tool and value inherent in technological rationality,simply denying technological rationality in isolation from the real system and relations of production,which results in the overall rationale of critique sliding toward the denial of technology itself,and the ideal state of discourse can only be a Utopian vision.

关 键 词：马尔库塞 技术理性 哈贝马斯 工具理性 交往理性 

分 类 号：B712.59[哲学宗教—外国哲学] B516.59