生物柴油原料中不皂化物和脂肪酸分析  

Analysis of unsaponifiable matter and fatty acid in biodiesel raw material

作　　者：陈艳凤 曾建立 杜泽学 赵敏 吴芳青 CHEN Yanfeng;ZENG Jianli;DU Zexue;ZHAO Min;WU Fangqing(SINOPEC Research Institute of Petroleum Processing Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中石化石油化工科学研究院有限公司,北京100083

出　　处：《中国油脂》2024年第4期83-87,共5页China Oils and Fats

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFB0306800)。

摘　　要：旨在确定生物柴油原料的可利用性,以可作为生物柴油原料的木本植物油脂、餐饮废油和酸化油为研究对象,分析其不皂化物和脂肪酸组成及含量。结果表明:棕榈油等7种木本植物油脂不皂化物含量低于1.10%,脂肪酸含量均高于91.50%,脂肪酸组成以油酸、亚油酸和亚麻酸为主(除棕榈油外);餐饮废油的不皂化物含量变化较大,脂肪酸含量在83.99%~94.87%之间,大部分餐饮废油脂肪酸组成以亚油酸和亚麻酸为主;5种酸化油的脂肪酸含量在71.35%~92.05%之间,椰子酸化油饱和脂肪酸占比为80.06%,其他4种酸化油的脂肪酸组成以不饱和脂肪酸为主。综上,7种木本植物油脂是优良的生物柴油原料,餐饮废油和酸化油作为原料制备生物柴油时要严格控制其质量指标。In order to determine the availability of biodiesel raw materials,woody plant oil,waste cooking oil and acidified oil that could be used as biodiesel raw materials were taken as the research objects,and the unsaponifiable matter content and fatty acid composition and content were analyzed.The results showed that the content of unsaponifiable matter of seven woody plant oils such as palm oil was lower than 1.10%,and the content of fatty acid was higher than 91.50%.The fatty acid composition was mainly composed of three unsaturated fatty acids,oleic acid,linoleic acid and linolenic acid(except for palm oil).The content of unsaponifiable matter in the waste cooking oil changed greatly,the content of fatty acid was between 83.99%and 94.87%,and the fatty acid composition was mainly composed of linoleic acid and linolenic acid for most waste cooking oil.The fatty acid content of five acidified oils was between 71.35%and 92.05%,the proportion of saturated fatty acid in acidified coconut oil was 80.06%,and the fatty acid composition of the other four acidified oils was mainly unsaturated fatty acid.In conclusion,seven woody plant oils are excellent biodiesel raw materials,and the raw material quality indicators for the preparation of biodiesel from waste cooking oil and acidified oil should be strictly controlled.

关 键 词：生物柴油 不皂化物 脂肪酸 木本植物油脂 餐饮废油 酸化油 

分 类 号：TE624[石油与天然气工程—油气加工工程] TQ645[化学工程—精细化工]