基于碳中和新技术的美丽中国建设  

Beautiful China construction based on carbon neutralization new technology

作　　者：周启星[1] 王辉 欧阳少虎 ZHOU Qi-xing;WANG Hui;OUYANG Shao-hu(Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria,Carbon Neutrality Science Center,College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Nankai University,Tianjin 300350,China)

机构地区：[1]南开大学环境科学与工程学院/南开大学碳中和交叉科学中心,环境污染过程与基准教育部重点实验室,天津300350

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2024年第4期1777-1787,共11页China Environmental Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC3709001)。

摘　　要：碳中和技术是以减少碳排放和增加碳固定为目的,以节能、减排、增效为核心的新技术体系,主要分为三类,包括温室气体的捕集技术、温室气体的埋存技术和低碳或零碳新能源技术.将碳中和技术应用于美丽中国建设不仅可以有效推动我国能源结构的转型和科学技术的进步,还能够促进生态环境的改善和绿色经济的发展.本研究通过阐述碳中和技术相关理念和发展现状,分析了实现碳中和的有效途径,并进一步讨论了碳中和技术如何助力美丽中国建设.结果表明,目前关于碳中和技术的研究领域主要有氢能领域、电化学领域、绿色化学领域、节能技术、储能技术、废物的资源回收以及合成生物学领域.这些新能源和新技术的出现不仅能够极大地提高能源的利用效率,还能够促进绿色清洁技术的发展.此外,碳中和技术也能够减少污染物的排放,增强资源的高效利用,助力低碳能源体系的建立和促进生态文明体制的健全,从而助力美丽中国建设.Carbon neutral technology is a new technology system that aims to reduce carbon emissions and increase carbon fixation,with energy saving,emission reduction and efficiency enhancement being the core,and it is mainly divided into three categories,including greenhouse gas capture technology,greenhouse gas storage technology and low-carbon or zero-carbon new energy technology.Applying carbon neutralization technology to the construction of beautiful China can not only effectively promote the transformation of China's energy structure and the progress of science and technology,but also accelerate the improvement of the eco-environment and the development of a green economy.By expounding the related concepts and development status of carbon neutralization technology,this review analyzes the effective ways to achieve carbon neutralization and further discusses how carbon neutralization technology can help construct a beautiful China.The results showed that the current research fields on carbon neutralization technology mainly include hydrogen energy,electrochemistry,green chemistry,energy-saving technology,energy storage technology,waste resource recovery,and synthetic biology.The emergence of these new energy and technologies can not only greatly improve the efficiency of energy utilization,but also promote the development of green and clean technologies.In addition,carbon neutralization technology can also reduce the emission of pollutants,enhance the efficient use of resources,assist the establishment of a low-carbon energy system,and promote the improvement of an ecological civilization system,to contribute to the construction of beautiful China.

关 键 词：碳中和技术 美丽中国建设 能源结构 低碳能源体系 

分 类 号：X21[环境科学与工程—环境科学]