酰胺化合物的核磁共振氢谱  

1H NMR Spectrum of Amide Compounds

作　　者：吴昊 刘珍 白大昌 Hao Wu;Zhen Liu;Dachang Bai(State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Henan Normal University,Xinxiang 453007,Henan Province,China)

机构地区：[1]河南师范大学化学化工学院,抗病毒性传染病创新药物全国重点实验室,河南新乡453007

出　　处：《大学化学》2024年第3期231-238,共8页University Chemistry

基　　金：河南省高等学校重点科研项目资助计划(23A150037);河南省博士后科学基金(202103087);河南省科技攻关项目(222102310562)。

摘　　要：酰胺是一类非常重要的化合物,广泛存在于多肽和生物碱等生物活性分子中,在化工、染料以及药物研发等领域也具有重要的应用价值。因此,学习酰胺化合物的合成以及结构鉴定具有重要的意义。由于酰胺化合物的氮原子上的孤对电子能够离域到羰基(C=O)上,导致酰胺RCO―N上的C―N键表现出部分双键性质,C―N键不能自由旋转,使得酰胺化合物的核磁共振氢谱较复杂。本文总结了酰胺的核磁共振氢谱特征,探讨了酰胺异构化的一些影响因素。通过酰胺核磁共振氢谱的学习,培养学生对核磁共振谱图解析的能力,并加深对酰胺类化合物的理解和认识。Amides are one of the most important classes of compounds that widely exist in bioactive molecules such as peptides and alkaloids.They also have important applications in various fields such as chemical engineering,dyes and pharmaceutical development.Therefore,studying the synthesis and structural identification of amide compounds is of great significance.Due to the delocalization of lone pair electrons from the nitrogen atom of amide compounds to the carbonyl group(C=O),the C―N bond in the amide RCO―N exhibits partial double bond properties,preventing free rotation and resulting in complex nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectrum(1H NMR).This article summarizes the characteristics of 1H NMR spectra of amides and discusses some factors influencing amide isomerization.This article will cultivate students’ability to analyze the 1H NMR of amides and deepen their understanding and knowledge of amide compounds.

关 键 词：酰胺化合物 核磁共振氢谱 异构化 

分 类 号：G64[文化科学—高等教育学] O6[文化科学—教育学]