讲述“它们”的故事:儿童文学中的非人类叙事  

Telling“Their”Stories:Non-Human Narratives in Children's Literature

作　　者：尚必武[1,2,3] Shang Biwu

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学,上海200240 [2]上海交通大学外国语学院,上海200240 [3]欧洲科学院

出　　处：《江西社会科学》2024年第2期79-88,F0002,206,207,共13页Jiangxi Social Sciences

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究后期资助重大项目“非人类叙事研究:从概念到批评”(22JHQ006)。

摘　　要：儿童文学中的非人类叙事存在四种类型:自然之物的叙事(如关于动物、植物、岩石、水和盐等的故事)、超自然之物的叙事(如关于精灵、恶魔和怪物等的故事)、人造物的叙事(如关于硬币、椅子和玩具等的故事)、人造人的叙事(如关于木偶、稻草人和机器人等的故事)。在“非人类转向”语境中,儿童文学中的非人类实体发挥了讲述功能、行动功能和观察功能。因此,考察儿童文学中的非人叙事不仅有助于引导儿童读者关注人类/非人类之间的界限,强调人类/非人类之间的相互依存关系,而且还有助于思考诸如他们何以成为更好的人类以及如何通过培养对非人类物种的共情、体验人类与非人类之间的互为主体性而去努力创造一个更好的世界等问题。Against the backdrop of the“non-human turn”,this paper explores non-human narratives in children's literature and focuses on four prevalent types of non-human narratives found in this genre:narratives of natural entities,such as stories about animals,plants,rocks,water,and salt;narratives of supernatural entities,such as stories about fairies,demons,and monsters;narratives of man-made objects,such as stories about coins,chairs,and toys;and narratives of artificial beings,such as stories about puppets,scarecrows,and robots.It further differentiates the narrational,actional and observational functions that non-human entities perform in children's literature.Non-human narratives in children's literature not only help guide young readers to consider the boundaries between human/non-human,emphasizing the interdependent relationship between humans and non-humans,but also help them to contemplate such questions as how they can become better humans,and how to foster empathy for nonhuman species and experience the reciprocity between humans and non-humans,and ultimately how to strive to create a better world.

关 键 词：儿童文学 叙事学 非人类转向 非人类叙事 叙事共情 

分 类 号：I058[文学—文学理论]