基于工作要求-资源模型的口腔门诊护士离职意愿现状及影响因素研究  

Turnover intention of dental outpatient nurses based on job demands-resources model and its influencing factors

作　　者：王倩 尚少梅[2] 李秀娥[3] 陈泓伯 施月仙 甘露[4] Wang Qian;Shang Shaomei;Li Xiue;Chen Hongbo;Shi Yuexian;Gan Lu(Implantation Department,Wuxi Stomatological Hospital,Wuxi 214000,China;School of Nursing,Peking University,Beijing 100191,China;Outpatient Office,Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology,Beijing 100081,China;Nursing Department,Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]无锡口腔医院种植科,无锡214000 [2]北京大学护理学院,北京100191 [3]北京大学口腔医院门诊办公室,北京100081 [4]北京大学口腔医院护理部,北京100081

出　　处：《中华现代护理杂志》2024年第12期1612-1618,共7页Chinese Journal of Modern Nursing

摘　　要：目的了解口腔门诊护士离职意愿现状,并探究其影响因素。方法采用多阶段抽样法,于2021年8—9月选取我国华北、华东、华南、华中、西南、东北、西北七大地理分区的20所口腔专科医院的护士为研究对象,采用一般资料调查表、离职意愿量表、护理工作环境量表、护士心理资本问卷和工作投入量表进行调查。结果共回收问卷1513份,其中有效问卷1135份,问卷有效率为75.02%(1135/1513)。1135名口腔门诊护士离职意愿总分为(2.22±0.56)分。Pearson相关分析结果显示,护理工作环境、心理资本、工作投入与离职意愿均呈负相关(r值分别为-0.421、-0.340、-0.446,P均<0.01)。结构方程模型结果显示,护理工作环境对口腔门诊护士离职意愿具有直接负向作用(β=-0.401,P<0.01),还可以通过工作投入的中介作用对其产生间接负向作用(β=-0.106,P<0.01),中介效应占比为20.91%;心理资本可以通过工作投入的中介作用对口腔门诊护士离职意愿产生间接负向作用(β=-0.271,P<0.01),中介效应占比为52.83%。结论口腔门诊护士离职意愿处于较高水平,管理者可通过改善护理工作环境、开发心理资本、提升工作投入水平等措施降低口腔门诊护士的离职意愿。Objective To explore the turnover intention of dental outpatient nurses,and analyze its influencing factors.Methods From August to September 2021,multi-stage sampling was used to select nurses from 20 stomatology hospitals in 7 geographical regions of North China,East China,South China,Central China,Southwest,Northeast,and Northwest China.The survey was conducted using the General Information Questionnaire,Turnover Intention Scale,Nursing Work Environment Scale,Psychological Capital Scale for Nurses,and Work Engagement Scale.Results A total of 1513 questionnaires were collected,including 1135 valid questionnaires,with a valid rate of 75.02%(1135/1513).The total score of turnover intention among 1135 dental outpatient nurses was(2.22±0.56).Pearson correlation analysis showed a negative correlation between nursing work environment,psychological capital,work engagement,and turnover intention(r=-0.421,-0.340,-0.446;P<0.01).The structural equation model showed that the nursing work environment had a direct negative effect on the turnover intention of dental outpatient nurses(β=-0.401,P<0.01)and had an indirect negative effect on turnover intention through work engagement(β=-0.106,P<0.01),with a mediating effect of 20.91%.Psychological capital had an indirect negative effect on the turnover intention of dental outpatient nurses through work engagement(β=-0.271,P<0.01),with a mediating effect of 52.83%.Conclusions The turnover intention of dental outpatient nurses is at a high level.Managers can reduce the turnover intention of dental clinic nurses by improving the nursing work environment,developing psychological capital,and increasing work engagement.

关 键 词：护士 口腔 门诊 离职意愿 工作要求-资源模型 影响因素 

分 类 号：R192.6[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]