陌生化:一个文学理论经典概念的再考察  

Defamiliarization:A Reexamination of a Classic Concept in Literary Theory

作　　者：杨宁[1] Yang Ning

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学

出　　处：《俄罗斯文艺》2024年第2期123-137,共15页Russian Literature & Arts

摘　　要：作为俄国形式主义的经典概念,陌生化对文学研究产生了深远的影响。与这种影响相伴随的是其鲜明的泛化倾向,主要体现在与心理学、哲学、社会学等领域的密切联系上。这一方面体现了陌生化的理论包容性,另一方面也使其成为“空洞的能指”而丧失阐释效力。对此现象的探析需要深入到哲学层面,通过分析陌生化理论的本体构造探析其理论背后的理论逻辑。事实上,陌生化理论蕴含着认识论和存在论两个维度,这使其内在地具有“内/外”“自律/他律”“个体/社会”的双重指向。从这两个维度出发,才能把握陌生化理论的复杂性,同时也能从更深层面理解形象思维论与陌生化、形式主义与马克思主义、什克洛夫斯基与布莱希特理论之间的复杂关系。As a classic concept in Russian formalism,defamiliarization has had a profound impact on literary research.Accompanying this influence is its evident tendency towards generalization,primarily manifested in its close association with psychology,philosophy,sociology,and so on.This reflects the theoretical inclusiveness of defamiliarization,but it also makes it a"hollow signifier"that loses its explanatory power.An analysis of this phenomenon requires delving into the philosophical level,exploring the philosophical basis behind its theory by analyzing the ontological construction of the defamiliarization theory.In fact,the theory of defamiliarization encompasses two dimensions:epistemology and ontology,giving it an inherent"inside/outside,""autonomous/heteronomous,"and"individual/society"dual orientation.Only by grasping the defamiliarization theory from these two dimensions can we understand the many possibilities it contains,and also more accurately understand the complex relationships between imagist thought and defamiliarization,between formalism and Marxism,and between Shklovsky and Brecht.

关 键 词：陌生化 泛化 认识论 存在论 形象思维 马克思主义 布莱希特 

分 类 号：I512.06[文学—其他各国文学]