近十年美国高等教育改革及其核心特征  

Reforms and Key Characteristics of U.S. Higher Education in the Last Decade

作　　者：梅伟惠[1] 经湛 MEI Weihui;JING Zhan(College of Education,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学教育学院,杭州310058

出　　处：《世界教育信息》2024年第4期21-29,共9页Journal of World Education

摘　　要：近十年美国高等教育面临着来自国际和国内的双重压力。为此,美国围绕拓宽弱势群体入学机会、推进高等教育数字化转型、重视高等STEM教育、优化科技创新战略和提升全球文化胜任力五大维度开展了一系列改革。美国高等教育改革呈现出一贯的忧患意识、竞争意识与创新意识,主要特征如下:提升高等教育包容性、多样性与可负担性;将科技创新人才培养和前沿科技研发与转化作为政策的重中之重;打通部门间壁垒,完善高等教育生态。In the last decade,U.S.higher education has faced both international and domestic pressures.The U.S.has implemented reforms in five dimensions to address the challenges faced by higher education.These dimensions include broadening accessibility for disadvantaged students;promoting the digital transformation of higher education;emphasizing higher STEM education;optimizing scientifical and technological innovation strategies;and enhancing global cultural competence.The U.S.higher education reform has shown a consistent sense of hardship,competition and innovation,with the following main features:enhancing the inclusion,diversity and affordability of higher education;making high quality STEM talents cultivation and cutting-edge technology transfer as the top policy priorities;as well as breaking down intersectoral barriers to improve the higher education ecosystem.

关 键 词：美国高等教育 包容性 STEM教育 科技创新 数字化转型 全球文化胜任力 

分 类 号：G649.3[文化科学—高等教育学] G649.7[文化科学—教育学]