美国教师队伍质量提升的历史沿革、政策特征与问题挑战  

The Historical Evolution, Policy Features, and Challenges of Improving the Quality of the Teaching Staff in the United States

作　　者：任帅 赵敏[1] REN Shuai;ZHAO Min(School of Politics and Public Administration,South China Normal University,Guangzhou 510006)

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学政治与公共管理学院,广州510006

出　　处：《基础教育参考》2024年第4期50-61,共12页Basic Education Review

基　　金：国家社科基金“十四五”规划2021年度教育学一般课题“粤港澳跨域教师团队建设的边界阻隔与突破机制研究”(编号:BFA210066)。

摘　　要：强国必先强教,强教必先强师。为挖掘发达国家的经验做法,对美国教师队伍进行文献研究发现,其质量提升之路历经师范学校存续期、师范学校升格期、大学化教师教育期、教育改革回溯期和高质量公平发展期,表现出多元主体共同推进质量提升、提升路径逐步调适、所需教育经费得到阶段性补充、提升之路蕴含危机色彩等特征。目前,美国仍面临教师短缺、选择性认证项目依赖、多样性表现不佳、教师薪资待遇吸引力不足等问题或挑战。总体上,美国提升教师队伍质量的实践和经验具有借鉴和启示作用。A strong country must first strengthen education,and a strong education must first strengthen teachers.In order to find out the experiences and practices of developed countries,a literature study of the American teaching staff reveals that the path of quality improvement has gone through the period of survival of teacher training colleges,upgrading of teacher training colleges,universitization of teacher education,retrospective education reform,and high-quality and equitable development,and that it has been characterized by the joint efforts of multiple actors to promote quality improvement,the gradual adjustment of the path of improvement,the stage-by-stage supplementation of the required education funding,and a sense of crisis embedded in the path of enhancement.Currently,the U.S.teaching staff is facing problems such as teacher shortages,reliance on selective certification programs,poor diversity performance,and insufficiently attractive teacher salaries.Overall,the practices and experiences of the United States in improving the quality of the teaching staff are instructive for China in expanding the path of improving the quality of the teaching staff.

关 键 词：美国 教师队伍 历史沿革 政策法规 高质量公平发展 

分 类 号：G51[文化科学—教育学]