某型地铁转向架异常振动试验研究  

Experimental Research on Abnormal Vibration for A Metro Bogie

作　　者：朱程 徐步震 贾小平 胡定祥 金鑫 邬平波[2] ZHU Cheng;XU Buzhen;JIA Xiaoping;HU Dingxiang;JIN Xin;WU Pingbo(Techology Center of CRRC Nanjing Puzhen Co.,Ltd.,Nanjing 210031 JiangSu,China;State Key Laboratory of Rail Transit Vehicle System,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031 Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]中车南京浦镇车辆有限公司技术中心,南京210031 [2]西南交通大学轨道交通运载系统全国重点实验室,成都610031

出　　处：《铁道机车车辆》2024年第2期161-168,共8页Railway Locomotive & Car

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51805373);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(22120210558)。

摘　　要：针对某型转向架在服役过程中出现异常振动,基于Miner累积损伤理论和等损伤原则,利用轮轨振动传递的时频特性开展试验研究。试验结果表明,该转向架构架的等效应力幅值中100 Hz以内的低频区段能量占比最大,其中部分位置在70 Hz附近的能量占比达18.78%~33.85%;结合轴承故障频率的理论计算、试验主频对比及拆解判定,振动主频70 Hz由轴承外环滚道上的缺陷故障产生;考虑到轴箱垂向振动存在与构架弹性模态相近的63 Hz主频,一定程度上加剧了转向架的振幅,而线路扣件的振动主频集中在350、430 Hz,对轮对轴箱系统的影响较大,对构架影响较小。该研究方法和结论对解决转向架局部振动等类似问题具有借鉴作用,为车辆的结构设计和运维管理提供一定的参考价值。Aiming at the abnormal vibration issue of a certain type of bogie during service,based on Miner's cumulative damage theory and equal damage principle,the time-frequency characteristics of wheel-rail vibration transmission are used to carry out experimental research.The test results show that in the equivalent stress amplitude of the bogie frame,the energy in the low frequency section within 100 Hz accounts for the largest proportion,and the energy in some positions near 70 Hz accounts for 18.78%-33.85%.Combined with the theoretical calculation of bearing fault frequency,test main frequency comparison and dismantling judgment,the main vibration frequency of 70 Hz is caused by the defect fault on the outer ring raceway of the bearing;considering that the vertical vibration of the axle box has a main frequency of 63 Hz,which is similar to the elastic mode of the frame,which aggravates the steering to a certain extent.The vibration frequency of the line fasteners is concentrated at 350 Hz and 430 Hz,which has a greater impact on the wheel-toaxle box system and less on the frame.The research methods and conclusions can be used as a reference for solving similar problems such as local vibration of the bogie,and provide a certain reference value for the structural design and operation as well as later maintenance management of metro.

关 键 词：异常振动 转向架 动应力 轴承故障 时频分析 

分 类 号：U239.5[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]