计算机模拟与实验:校内校外教学比较研究  

Two Comparative Studies of Computer Simulations and Experiments as Learning Tools in School and Out-of-School Education

作　　者：约翰娜·克鲁格 蒂姆·霍夫勒 马丁·沃尔 凯特琳·尼克梅耶 伊尔卡·帕奇曼 华静(译)[3] 朱子健(译) 陈香(译) 房传修(译) JOHANNA T Krüger;TIM N Höffler;MARTIN Wahl;KATRIN Knickmeier;ILKA Parchmann(Leibniz Institute for Science and Mathematics Education;GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel)

机构地区：[1]Leibniz Institute for Science and Mathematics Education [2]GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel [3]华东理工大学外语学院 [4]上海理工大学外语学院

出　　处：《中国校外教育》2024年第2期104-128,共25页AFTERSCHOOL EDUCATION IN CHINA

基　　金：上海理工大学研究生教学建设项目“MTI翻译报告案例库”(项目编号:10-23-305-005)和“上海理工大学MTI卓越工程师联合培养实践基地”(项目编号:1023-305-004)。

摘　　要：在现代科学教育中,交互式计算机模拟与实操性实验是两种重要的教学方法。已有研究未能充分阐释这两种方法的优劣,也未能对二者进行充分的比较。本文将二者作为科学教育的学习工具,在不同的学习地点(研究Ⅰ:学校;研究Ⅱ:科学中心的学生实验室)的学生间,从学科知识成绩、情境兴趣发展和认知负荷方面进行了比较研究。研究结果显示,无论学习地点在哪,使用计算机模拟的学生比进行实操性实验的学生认知负荷更高,但学习成功率也要高。与计算机模拟(特别是当认知和价值相关时)相比,实操性实验更能促进情境兴趣。研究认为讲授复杂的话题运用计算机模拟可能更为适合。但其他相关研究发现表明,使用一种教学方法可以弥补另一种教学方法的缺陷。综合以上研究得出,最有效的方式是将这两种方法结合起来,这有助于在校内外学习环境中成功地进行现代科学教育。Interactive computer simulations and hands-on experiments are important teaching methods in modern science education.Especially for the communication of complex current topics with social relevance(socioscientific issues),suitable methods in science education are of great importance.However,previous studies could not sufficiently clarify the educational advantages and disadvantages of both methods and often lack adequate comparability.This paper presents two studies of direct comparisons of hands-on experiments and interactive computer simulations as learning tools in science education for secondary school students in two different learning locations(Study I:school;Study II:student laboratory).Using a simple experimental research design with type of learning location as between-subjects factor(NstudyI=443,NstudyII=367),these studies compare working on computer simulations versus experiments in terms of knowledge achievement,development of situational interest and cognitive load.Independent of the learning location,the results showed higher learning success for students working on computer simulations than while working on experiments,despite higher cognitive load.However,working on experiments promoted situational interest more than computer simulations(especially the epistemic and value-related component).We stated that simulations might be particularly suitable for teaching complex topics.The findings reviewed in this paper moreover imply that working with one method may complement and supplement the weaknesses of the other.We conclude that that the most effective way to communicate complex current research topics might be a combination of both methods.These conclusions derive a contribution to successful modern science education in school and out-of-school learning contexts.

关 键 词：科学教育 实操性实验 计算机模拟 学习 兴趣 

分 类 号：G633.67[文化科学—教育学]