高校师德失范行为处理需要说明理由  

Reasons Need to be Explained for Handling Misconduct among University Teachers

作　　者：范奇 FAN Qi(College of Teacher Education/The Construction Base of Teacher Ethics and Style,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学教师教育学院/师德师风建设基地,重庆400715

出　　处：《湖南师范大学教育科学学报》2024年第2期33-44,共12页Journal of Educational Science of Hunan Normal University

基　　金：重庆市社会科学规划博士项目“比较法视域下国外师德失范处理的法治构造与借鉴研究”[2023BS092];重庆市社科规划英才计划项目“行政法视野下中国高校教师聘任改革的理论与制度研究”[2022YC073]。

摘　　要：师德失范一旦确立为法律概念,则要求高校师德失范行为处理遵循说明理由等法治规则。分析教育部典型案例发现,当前高校师德失范行为处理说理程度较低,具体包括处理主体混乱、事实认定与依据不足、推理过程缺失、考量因素不明、程序制约机制及司法审查机制欠缺等问题。说明理由是让执法者依靠良心裁决的推理与判定过程外部化与客观化的一种法定义务,师德规范的伦理性等特征使其适用对说明理由机制更为依赖,从说明理由视角切入在规范、实践与理论层面具有正当性基础。域外法治发达国家十分重视说明理由机制在学校师德失范行为处理中的价值功能,广义层面的机制经验包括:主体上设立处理师德失范的专业机构,构建以自然公正为基础的说明理由机制;行为上基于司法审查明确师德失范行为认定的要素,建构师德失范处理的过程基准,防止师德失范概念的模糊化;结果上注重教师基本权利的平衡与保障,推崇三段论法律说理和比例原则的运用,实现师德失范处理的司法化。我国可从搭建说明理由的技术支撑、完善说明理由的制度体系、营造准司法化的文化环境等方面展开具体的机制建构,实现高校教师师德失范处理说理的普遍化。Once the concept of misconduct in teacher ethics is established as a legal concept,it is required that the handling of misconduct in teacher ethics in universities follow legal rules such as explaining reasons.Based on the analysis of typical cases by the Ministry of Education,the current level of reasoning for handling misconduct among university teachers is relatively low,including confusion in the handling subject,insufficient factual recognition and basis,lack of reasoning process,unclear consideration factors,lack of procedural constraints and judicial review mechanisms,and other issues.Explaining reasons is a legal obligation for law enforcement officers to externalize and objectify the reasoning and judgment process based on conscientious judgment.The ethical characteristics of teacher ethics norms make their application more dependent on the mechanism of explaining reasons.From the perspective of explaining reasons,it has a legitimate foundation in terms of norms,practice,and theory.In countries with developed rule of law outside the region,great importance is placed on the value and function of the justification mechanism in dealing with misconduct in school teacher ethics.The broad level of mechanism experience includes:establish professional institutions to handle misconduct in teacher ethics as the main body,and construct a justification mechanism based on natural justice;Based on judicial review,clarify the elements for identifying misconduct in teacher ethics,construct a process benchmark for handling misconduct in teacher ethics,and prevent the blurring of the concept of misconduct in teacher ethics;as a result,emphasis is placed on balancing and safeguarding the basic rights of teachers,and the application of syllogism in legal reasoning and proportionality principles is advocated to achieve the judicial treatment of teacher ethics misconduct.China can construct specific mechanisms by building technical support for explaining reasons,improving the institutional system for explaining reasons,and cr

关 键 词：高校 师德失范 说明理由 准司法 

分 类 号：D922.16[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学] G47[政治法律—法学]