2017-2022年山东省威海市市售食品重金属监测结果分析  

Analysis on monitoring results of heavy metals in food sold in Weihai city,Shandong province from 2017 to 2022

作　　者：王春萍[1] 郭琴[2] 马一丁 WANG Chun-ping;GUO Qin;MA Yi-ding(Department of Infectious Disease Prevention,Weihai City Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shandong 264200,China;Quality Control Department,Weihai City Center for Disease Control and Prevention)

机构地区：[1]威海市疾病预防控制中心传染病防制科,山东264200 [2]威海市疾病预防控制中心质量管理办公室

出　　处：《预防医学论坛》2024年第2期137-141,共5页Preventive Medicine Tribune

摘　　要：目的了解山东省威海市市售7大类食品重金属污染情况,为健全食品安全网络、保障食品安全提供科学依据。方法2017-2022年按照《食品安全风险监测方案》要求,采用分层随机抽样方法,在山东省威海市4个行政区域的超市、农贸市场、养殖场采集水果类、谷物类、豆类、水产类(鱼类、甲壳类、双壳类、藻类等)、蔬菜类(萝卜、青椒、藕、薯类等)、坚果类(花生)、茶叶等7类食品样品,共计1391份。依据国家标准,测定食品中重金属含量,采用单因子污染指数、内梅罗综合污染指数(P_综)及安全限值法(MOS)评价各类食品的污染情况。结果茶叶铅中位数最高(0.181 mg/kg),水产类的双壳贝类镉中位数最高(1.010 mg/kg),水产类的藻类砷中位数最高(3.034 mg/kg),水产类的甲壳类汞中位数最高(0.014 mg/kg)。7类食品中铅、砷、汞的检出率最高为水产类,镉的检出率最高为在坚果类中,豆类及制品、蔬菜类和水产类存在重金属超标情况。双壳贝类(P_(综)=4.434)为重污染,豆类及制品(P_综=2.926)、甲壳类(P_(综)=2.918)为中污染,水果类(P_(综)=1.179)为轻污染,7类食品摄入铅、镉、汞、砷的安全限值(MOS)均<1。结论2017-2022年威海市7类食品不同程度受到重金属污染,水产类的双壳贝类污染程度最高,其次为豆类及制品和水产类的甲壳类,水果类为轻污染,但铅、镉、汞、砷对食品安全的影响处于可接受水平。Objective To understand the heavy metal pollution situation of 7 categories of food sold in Weihai city,so as to provide scientific reference for a sound food safety network to ensure food safety throughout the city.Methods According to Food Safety Risk Monitoring Plan,a total of 1391 samples were collected with the principle of stratified random sampling from supermarkets,farmers'markets,and farms,including fruits,grains,beans,aquatic products(fish,crustaceans,bivalves,algae,etc.),vegetables(radishes,green peppers,lotus roots,potatoes,etc.),nuts(peanuts),and tea in 4 administrative divisions from 2017 to 2022.According to national standards,the content of heavy metals in food was measured,and the single factor pollution index,comprehensive pollution indices(P comprehensive),and safety limit method(MOS)were used to evaluate the pollution situation of various types of food.Results The lead content in tea was the highest at 0.181 mg/kg,the cadmium content in aquatic products(bivalves)was 1.010 mg/kg,aquatic products(algae)had the highest median arsenic(3.034 mg/kg),and the mercury content in aquatic products(crustaceans)was 0.014 mg/kg.The highest detection rate of lead,arsenic,and mercury in 7 types of food was found in aquatic products,while the highest detection rate of cadmium was found in nuts.Heavy metals in legumes,vegetables,and aquatic products exceeded the standard.Using single pollution index and comprehensive pollution indices evaluation,bivalves(4.434)were heavily polluted,legumes and products(2.926)and crustaceans(2.918)were moderately polluted,fruits(1.179)were lightly polluted,and the safety limits(MOS)for the intake of lead,cadmium,mercury,and arsenic in all 7 types of food were less than 1.Conclusion There were 7 types of food products in Weihai City which were contaminated by heavy metals in different degrees,with aquatic products(bivalves)having the highest level of pollution,followed by beans and products and aquatic products(crustaceans).Fruits were lightly polluted,but the impact of lead,cadm

关 键 词：食品 铅 镉 汞 砷 重金属 污染 

分 类 号：R155.5[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学] R155.33[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]