云南纳西族、白族和汉族中小学生眼球生物学参数特征分析  

Ocular biometric parameters among primary and secondary school students of Naxi,Bai and Han ethnicity in Yunnan Province

作　　者：张强 常利涛[2] 李佩谦[1] 肖洁 黄达峰 谢雪妮[1] 张金娇 马子雪 李茜茜 罗筱 陈茂森 黄莹 ZHANG Qiang;CHANG Litao;LI Peiqian;XIAO Jie;HUANG Dafeng;XIE Xueni;ZHANG Jinjiao;MA Zixue;LI Qianqian;LUO Xiao;CHEN Maosen;HUANG Ying(School of Public Health,Kunming Medical University,Kunming 650500,Yunnan Province,China;Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Kunming 650022,Yunnan Province,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明医科大学公共卫生学院,云南省昆明市650500 [2]云南省疾病预防控制中心,云南省昆明市650022

出　　处：《眼科新进展》2024年第5期365-369,共5页Recent Advances in Ophthalmology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(编号:81960593)。

摘　　要：目的分析云南纳西族、白族和汉族中小学生眼球生物学参数的特征。方法采用以学校为单位的分层整群抽样,于2020年10月从白族和纳西族聚居的大理州和丽江市选取2、3年级和7年级学生共724人进行问卷调查和眼科检查,记录非睫状肌麻痹下的等效球镜度(SE)、眼轴长度(AL)、前房深度(ACD)、角膜曲率半径(CR)、中央角膜厚度(CCT)和角膜直径(WTW),并计算轴径比(AL/CR)。使用协方差分析比较SE和眼球生物学参数的民族、性别和年级差异;使用Pearson相关分析探索上述指标之间的联系。结果无论2、3年级还是7年级,不同民族学生间每日户外时间、屏幕时间和睡眠时间差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05)。纳西族学生CCT低于汉族和白族[2、3年级:(542.48±39.76)μm vs.(553.81±31.83)μm和(559.27±32.79)μm;7年级:(538.86±34.91)μm vs.(547.41±33.55)μm和(548.26±32.98)μm,均为P<0.05];7年级学生中,纳西族SE、AL和AL/CR与汉族、白族学生相比,差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05);其他眼球生物学参数在2、3年级和7年级学生中,各民族间差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05)。女生AL、CR、ACD、CCT、WTW均低于男生,且平均SE低于男生(均为P<0.05)。与2、3年级学生相比,7年级学生AL更长、ACD更深、CCT更薄(均为P<0.05),而CR和WTW差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05)。相关性分析结果显示,AL/CR与SE高度相关(r=-0.78,P<0.05)。结论多民族地区的中小学生虽然面临着相似的环境危险因素,但仍需关注眼球生物学参数的民族、性别和年龄差异。Objective To assess ocular biometric parameters among primary and secondary school students from Naxi,Bai and Han ethnic groups in Yunnan Province.Methods The school-based study was conducted in October 2020.A total of 724 second-,third-and seventh-graders were selected from Dali and Lijiang,where Bai and Naxi ethnic groups inhabit,using a stratified cluster sampling method to receive questionnaire surveys and eye examinations.Non-cycloplegic spherical equivalent(SE),axial length(AL),anterior chamber depth(ACD),corneal radius of curvature(CR),central corneal thickness(CCT),white-to-white(WTW)distance,and the AL/CR ratio were measured.Covariance analysis was used to examine the differences in SE and ocular biometric parameters in terms of ethnicity,sex and grade,while Pearson correlation was used to test the associations among the said indicators.Results There were no significant differences in daily outdoor time,screen time and sleep time among the three ethnic groups regardless of grades(all P>0.05).The mean CCT of Naxi students was lower than that of Han and Bai students[grade 2 and grade 3:(542.48±39.76)μm vs.(553.81±31.83)μm and(559.27±32.79)μm;grade 7:(538.86±34.91)μm vs.(547.41±33.55)μm and(548.26±32.98)μm,all P<0.05],while no significant differences were found in the other ocular biometric parameters among the three ethnic groups(all P>0.05).Among the seventh-graders,the SE,AL and AL/CR ratio of Naxi students were significantly different from those of Han and Bai students(all P<0.05).The AL,CR,ACD,CCT,WTW distance,and mean SE were lower in girls than in boys(all P<0.05).Compared with grade 2 and grade 3,students of grade 7 had longer AL,deeper ACD and thinner CCT(all P<0.05),while no significant differences were found in CR and WTW distance(all P>0.05).Correlation analysis showed that the AL/CR ratio was highly correlated with SE(r=-0.78,P<0.05).Conclusion Multiethnic primary and secondary school students may face similar environmental risks.Yet,disparities in ocular biometric parameters caused

关 键 词：近视 学生 多民族 眼球生物学参数 

分 类 号：R778.1[医药卫生—眼科]