利维坦的人格分裂与霍布斯主权学说的理论证成  

On Split of Leviathan's Person and Theoretical Justification of Sovereignty in Hobbes'Theory

作　　者：蒋小杰 JIANG Xiaojie

机构地区：[1]北京体育大学人文学院,100871

出　　处：《国外社会科学前沿》2024年第3期3-18,共16页JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL SOCIAL SCIENCES

基　　金：国家社科基金后期资助项目“权威与自由:霍布斯政治哲学研究”(22FZXB047);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助课题“霍布斯政治义务理论研究”(2020031)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：霍布斯的主权学说存在着权威主义与自由主义的内在冲突。在强调主权的绝对权威的同时,霍布斯又认真地保留了真正的臣民自由,这使得主权者面临着来自臣民的反向自由限定。这一理论冲突表明:霍布斯的主权学说在理论上并不是自洽的。如此冲突的根本缘由是:主权者所承当的人造人格与自然人格并不是同一的,其人造人格与臣民自由有着逻辑生成意义上一致性,但其自然人格与臣民自由之间的关系却未必如此;这两者之间理论的不一致在特定条件下必然存在着转化为现实对抗的风险。霍布斯主权学说存在着的这一缺陷,为其后继者的理论推进提供了初始的问题意识。There is an internal conflict between authoritarianism and liberalism in Hobbes'justification of sovereignty.He earnestly preserves the real liberty of subjects while emphasizing the absolute authority of sovereignty,which makes the sovereign face the restriction of liberty from subjects.This theoretical conflict suggests that Hobbes'theory of sovereignty is not self-consistent in theory.The fundamental reason of the conflict is that the artificial person assumed by the sovereign is not the same as his natural person,and that the artificial person and the liberty of a subject are logically consistent,but the natural person and the liberty of a subject are not necessarily the same.The theoretical inconsistencies between them inevitably have the risk of turning into realistic confrontation under certain conditions.This defect of Hobbes'theory of sovereignty provides the initial problem consciousness for the theoretical advancement of his successors.

关 键 词：霍布斯 主权学说 道德哲学 政治哲学 国家学说 

分 类 号：D091[政治法律—政治学] B82-0[哲学宗教—伦理学]