朱子思想中道德与刑罚的关系  

The Relationship between Virtue and Law in Zhu Zi’s Thought

作　　者：赵金刚 ZHAO Jingang

机构地区：[1]清华大学人文学院哲学系

出　　处：《东南学术》2024年第3期195-204,248,共11页Southeast Academic Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“朱熹理学中‘气’的思想研究”(项目编号:18CZX028)。

摘　　要：朱子认为,刑政并不必然与理学的最高原理冲突,相反,刑政的作用实则是为了保证天理的实现。如果不对应当处罚之人加以适当的刑罚,就是对守法者的伤害。朱子反对一味地主张“轻刑”,主张根据实情给出合理的处罚,认为对恶人的重罚并不违反天理。在德礼与刑政的关系上,朱子强调德礼为本、刑政为末,突出德礼的优先性,这种解释与汉唐经学的“胜劣”模式形成了不同。朱子不将作为价值原理的德礼与刑政对立,而是提出“德礼刑政都是天理之节文”的观点,一定程度上在儒学的框架内安顿了刑政、刑罚问题。Zhu Zi believes that penalty and governance are not necessarily in conflict with the supreme principles of neo-Confucianism,on the contrary,the function of penalty and governance is just to ensure the realization of heavenly principles.If appropriate punishment is not imposed on those who ought to be punished,it is an injury to those who abide by law and discipline.Zhu Zi opposed the blind advocation of“light punishment”,he advocated reasonable punishment according to the actual conditions and believed that heavy punishment for the wicked did not violate the principles of heaven.In terms of the relationship between virtue,ritual and penalty,governance,Zhu Zi regarded virtue and ritual as the fundamental while penalty and governance as the incidental,highlighting the priority of the former,which is different from the“superiority or inferiority”pattern in Confucian classics of the Han and Tang Dynasties.Zhu Zi did not set virtue and ritual as the principle of value against penalty and governance,instead,he put forward the point of view that“morality,ritual,penalty,governance are the etiquette of heavenly principles”,which,to some extent,settled the problem of penalty and governance or punishment within the framework of Confucianism.

关 键 词：朱子 德礼 刑政 象刑 轻刑 天理 

分 类 号：B244.7[哲学宗教—中国哲学]