儒家本体论的内在化转向--以“上天之载,无声无臭”诠释为中心的考察  

The Internalization of Confucian Ontology:An Examination Centered on the Interpretation of“The Doings of High Heaven,Have Neither Sound Nor Smell”

作　　者：高强 蔡杰[1] GAO Qiang;CAI Jie(Institute of Advanced Studies in Confucianism,Shandong University,Jinan 250100,China)

机构地区：[1]山东大学儒学高等研究院,济南250100

出　　处：《山东青年政治学院学报》2024年第3期38-46,共9页Journal of Shandong Youth University of Political Science

基　　金：山东省社会科学规划研究项目“《知言》《学言》校注”(22CWTJ73)。

摘　　要：“上天之载,无声无臭”出自《诗经·大雅·文王》,历代诠释多有差异。汉唐时期郑玄、孔颖达从《诗经》和《中庸》两部经典出发,分别释“上天之载”为上天之生物与上天之事,“天”不仅是政治的形上根源,而且也是万物得以生成的最终根据。宋明儒者则更注重义理的阐发,理学家以“上天之载”说明天理的实存,而“无声无臭”指其无所不包、处处遍在的特性;心学家则直接以“上天之载”指天所赋予的人的良知,“无声无臭”指其不学而知、不虑而能的特征,即无需主观把捉,当下即可显现的妙用。虽然汉唐、宋明儒者都从形而上的维度对“天”进行把握,但其内涵却出现了明显的内在化转向。“The doings of high heaven,have neither sound nor smell.”is from The Book of Songs-Daya-King Wen,which has been interpreted differently through the ages.During the Han and Tang dynasties,Zheng Xuan and Kong Yingda interpreted the phrase“the doings of high heaven”from The Book of Songs and The Doctrine of the Mean respectively,as the creatures of heaven and the affairs of heaven.Heaven is not only the root cause of politics,but also the ultimate basis for the creation of all things.The Confucians during the Song and Ming dynasties paid more attention to the exposition of righteousness and li,and the neo-Confucianist used“the doings of high heaven”to illustrate the reality of natural law,while“have neither sound nor smell”referred to its all-inclusiveness and ubiquitousness.The philosophers of the mind used“the doings of high heaven”to refer to the human conscience empowered by heaven.“Have neither sound nor smell”refers to its characteristic of being able to know without learning or thinking,i.e.,it is not necessary to grasp it subjectively but can be manifested in the moment.Although the Confucian scholars of the Han,Tang,Song,and Ming dynasties all grasped“heaven”from the metaphysical dimension,there was a clear shift towards internalization in its connotation.

关 键 词：上天之载 无声无臭 生物 无极而太极 良知 

分 类 号：B21[哲学宗教—中国哲学]