国内外医务人员职业高原现象研究综述  

A Review of Domestic and Foreign Research on the Career Plateau Phenomenon of Medical Staff

作　　者：孙宇超 冯晶[1] 雷子辉 屈歌 李欣妍 卢祖洵[1] 甘勇[1,2] SUN Yuchao(School of Public Health,Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan,Hubei,430030,China)

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学同济医学院公共卫生学院,湖北武汉430030 [2]海南医学院急救与创伤研究教育部重点实验室,海南海口571199

出　　处：《医学与社会》2024年第5期81-85,共5页Medicine and Society

基　　金：国家社会科学基金资助重大项目,编号为18ZDA085;国家自然科学基金资助项目,编号为71804049;华中科技大学文科双一流建设项目基金资助项目“华中科技大学教职工心理健康状况调查研究”;急救与创伤研究教育部重点实验室(海南医学院)开放课题基金资助项目,编号为Grant.KLET-202103。

摘　　要：医务人员是健康中国建设的主力军。然而,由于医患关系紧张、劳动强度大等因素影响,医务人员正面临着较为严重的职业高原现象。通过对国内外有关医务人员职业高原现象的研究进行综述,结果发现,医务人员整体处于潜职业高原状态。医务人员职业高原现象的影响因素主要有年龄、性别、职称、学历、组织层级、组织支持感等。以往研究从个人、组织、社会的角度提出各种干预策略,但其有效性还有待验证。通过文献梳理发现,当前职业高原现象研究主要关注护士,对基层医生等群体关注不够,研究方法单一,以横断面、定量研究为主,缺乏纵向和定性研究等。Medical staff are the main force in the construction of a Healthy China.However,due to the tension between doctors and patients,labor intensity and other factors,medical staff are facing serious career plateau phenomenon.This study reviewed the domestic and international studies on career plateau phenomenon of medical staff,revealing that medical staff predominantly resided in a state of latent career plateau,with key influencing factors including age,gender,professional title,education level,organizational hierarchy,and perceived organizational support.Researchers have proposed various intervention strategies from the individual,organizational,and social perspectives,but their effectiveness has yet to be verified.Previous studies revealed that current research mainly focused on nurses,and has insufficient attention to primary care doctors.Moreover,the methodologies employed are predominantly cross-sectional and quantitative,with a notable lack of longitudinal,interventional,and qualitative approaches.

关 键 词：医学心理 职业高原 医务人员 影响因素 干预策略 

分 类 号：R-05[医药卫生]