2023年贵州省贫困地区中小学生维生素D营养状况及影响因素研究  

Status of vitamin D nutrition and its influencing factors among primary and middle school students in poverty areas of Guizhou,2023

作　　者：孙燕 郭华[1] 李洪波[1] 贺林娟 吴胜男 黄伊彦文 龙泓江 石柱 刘怡娅[1] SUN Yan;GUO Hua;LI Hong-bo;HE Lin-juan;WU Sheng-nan;HUANG Yi-yan-wen;LONG Hong-jiang;SHI Zhu;LIU Yi-ya(Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Guizhou Province,Guiyang,Guizhou 550004,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省疾病预防控制中心,贵州贵阳550004

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2024年第8期1400-1405,1466,共7页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：国家财政项目-农村义务教育学生营养健康监测和膳食指导项目。

摘　　要：目的 探讨贵州省贫困地区中小学生维生素D营养状况及其影响因素,为制定有针对性的营养改善措施提供科学依据。方法 采用多阶段整群抽样的方法,在贵州省2023年实施“农村义务教育学生营养改善计划”的9个重点监测县(区)抽取小学初中各4所,共2 519名学生进行问卷调查、体格检查和血生化指标检测,采用多因素logistic回归分析维生素D营养现况及影响因素。结果 贵州省贫困地区中小学生维生素D平均水平为(22.59±6.66) ng/ml,维生素D偏低率为37.51%。女生维生素D偏低率(46.17%)高于男生(29.11%),差异具有统计学意义(χ^(2)值=78.213,P<0.001),不同地区学生维生素D偏低率差异明显(χ^(2)值=23.454,P<0.001),随着年龄的升高维生素D偏低率呈升高趋势(χ^(2)趋势=44.905,P<0.001)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,与相应参照组相比,少数民族(OR=0.706,95%CI:0.590~0.844)、户外活动≥60min/d(OR=0.791,95%CI:0.663~0.943)、居住在乡村(OR=0.747,95%CI:0.616~0.906)是维生素D水平偏低的保护因素;肥胖(OR=2.133,95%CI:1.390~3.272)、女生(OR=2.238,95%CI:1.882~2.662)、11~13岁组(OR=1.849,95%CI:1.521~2.248)和14~17岁组(OR=2.000,95%CI:1.576~2.539)是维生素D水平偏低的危险因素。结论 贵州省贫困地区中小学生维生素D偏低率较高,需制定个性化营养干预措施改善维生素D营养状况。Objective To explore the vitamin D nutritional status and influencing factors of primary and middle school students in poverty areas of Guizhou Province,and to provide scientific basis for the development of targeted nutritional improvement measures.Methods A total of 2,519 students from 4 primary and 4 middle schools in 9 key monitoring counties(districts)in Guizhou Province,where the Nutrition Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Education Students was implemented in 2023,were selected for questionnaire surveys,physical examinations,and blood biochemistry tests using multistage cluster sampling methods.Multifactorial logistic regression was used to analyze the current status of vitamin D nutrition and its influencing factors.Results The average vitamin D level of primary and middle school students in poverty areas of Guizhou Province was(22.59±6.66)ng/ml,and the rate of low vitamin D was 37.51%.The prevalence of low vitamin D among female students(46.17%)was higher than that of male students(29.11%),and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=78.213,P<0.001).There was a significant difference in the rate of low vitamin D among students in different regions(χ^(2)=23.454,P<0.001),and the rate of low vitamin D tended to increase with age(χ^(2)=44.905,P<0.001).The results of multifactorial logistic regression analysis showed that,compared with the corresponding reference group,ethnic minorities(OR=0.706,95%CI:0.590-0.844),physical activity≥60 min/d(OR=0.791,95%CI:0.663-0.943),and living in the countryside(OR=0.747,95%CI:0.616-0.906)were protective factors for low vitamin D levels;obesity(OR=2.133,95%CI:1.390-3.272),female students(OR=2.238,95%CI:1.882-2.662),the 11-13 years old group(OR=1.849,95%CI:1.521-2.248)and the 14-17 years old group(OR=2.000,95%CI:1.576-2.539)were risk factors for low vitamin D levels.Conclusion High rates of low vitamin D among primary and middle school students in poverty areas of Guizhou Province require the development of personalized nutritional interventions to imp

关 键 词：维生素D 中小学生 贫困地区 影响因素 

分 类 号：R153.2[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]