焦虑情绪何时会激发创业努力?一个跨层次双重调节模型  

Under which circumstances will anxiety promote entrepreneurial efforts?A cross-layer double moderating model

作　　者：张慧 陈莹 包佳妮 周小虎[4] ZHANG Hui;CHEN Ying;BAO Jiani;ZHOU Xiaohu(School of Management,Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Nanjing 210003,China;School of Economics,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou 350007,China;School of Business Administration,Nanjing University of Finance and Economics,Nanjing 210023,China;School of Economics and Management,Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing 210094,China)

机构地区：[1]南京邮电大学管理学院,江苏南京210003 [2]福建师范大学经济学院,福建福州350007 [3]南京财经大学工商管理学院,江苏南京210023 [4]南京理工大学经济管理学院,江苏南京210094

出　　处：《管理工程学报》2024年第3期122-134,共13页Journal of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management

基　　金：南京邮电大学引进人才科研启动基金项目(XK0014522020);国家社会科学基金重点项目(21AZD012)。

摘　　要：创业者必须投入极大强度的努力,才能带领初创企业度过三年艰难的酝酿期。部分研究指出,情绪是激发创业者持续投入努力的近端驱动力。焦虑作为创业活动中显著存在的日常情绪,关于其在何种情况下能够激发创业努力的研究却略显不足。本文基于社会认知理论,引入核心自我评价和创业身份中心性作为调节变量,探究日常焦虑情绪对创业努力的促进作用。借助体验抽样法,收集了嵌入在44位创业者中的684份有效问卷。跨层回归结果表明,当创业者核心自我评价高时,焦虑情绪积极促进创业努力;当创业者创业身份中心性高时,焦虑情绪积极促进创业努力;当创业者的核心自我评价和创业身份中心性均高时,焦虑情绪最大程度激发创业努力。隔日配对数据结果表明,在核心自我评价和创业认同中心性水平均高的情况下,当日焦虑情绪体验的激励作用可以持续到次日。研究结论不仅丰富了创业情境下焦虑情绪研究,揭开了焦虑与创业努力复杂关系;而且回应了关于情绪能否直接导致行为观点的质疑,丰富了创业努力情感观研究。Entrepreneurs are expected to devote great efforts to entrepreneurial activities to help start-ups gain legitimacy during the first three years.Some studies indicated that emotions play an important role in promoting entrepreneurial efforts,such as negative emotions,positive emotions,and entrepreneurial passions.However,we only have a limited understanding of how anxiety,as the most common and widespread negative emotion in entrepreneurial activities,affects entrepreneurial efforts.Previous studies have uncovered the“double side”effect of anxiety-“dark side”and“bright side”.In general,the“dark side”indicates that anxious individuals have self-doubts regarding their ability to manage threatening situations and lack confidence in their abilities,whereas the“bright side”indicates that anxious individuals are more sensitive to feedback and thus put more resources and effort into the task.Under entrepreneurial context characterized as high uncertainty and high autonomy,entrepreneurs might motivate by facilitate effects of anxiety and choose to put more efforts,or they might be disturbed by debilitating effects of anxiety and choose to give up current entrepreneurial tasks.Therefore,it is critical to explore the conditional boundary of the relationship between anxiety and entrepreneurial anxiety.Social cognition theory indicated that motivation played a critical role in leading to specific behaviors,especially autonomous behavior(ie.Entrepreneurial activities).Previous studies uncovered that people with high levels of core self-evaluation have a strong motivation for“I can do”,they own positive self-views and could be engaged in solving problems even in difficult times.We thus hypothesis the efficacy of anxiety in promoting entrepreneurial anxiety depends on core self-evaluation.Scholars indicated that a high level of identity centrality enables people to have a strong motivation for“I want to do”,because one can acquire high self-esteem by realizing their most valued identity.We again hypot

关 键 词：焦虑情绪 创业努力 核心自我评价 创业身份中心性 体验抽样法 

分 类 号：F270.7[经济管理—企业管理]