王船山对“申韩之儒”的批判及其哲学反思  

On Wang Chuanshan’s Criticism and Philosophical Reflection on“Shenhan’s Confucianism”

作　　者：卢文波 Lu Wenbo(Yuelu Academy of Hunan University,Changsha Hunan 410082,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南大学岳麓书院,湖南长沙410082

出　　处：《衡阳师范学院学报》2024年第2期16-22,共7页Journal of Hengyang Normal University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“王船山思想与中华优秀传统文化研究”(21AZD105)。

摘　　要：明代法律严苛,士人在惶恐不安中形成了一股“廉耻丧”的风气。船山对此进行了深刻的哲学反思,认为这股风气和“申韩峻法”有很大关系。他斥责以部分理学家为代表的“君子儒”,认为“君子儒”虽以儒为表,而实则是法家之笔吏。他指出,在“外儒内法”治理体系下,儒法关系混乱不堪,“申韩峻法”猖獗,百姓生活在水深火热之中,法律模式和架构亟需修整。船山一方面高度赞扬儒家德治思想,肯定其在社会治理中的根本地位;另一方面主张对当时的“申韩峻法”进行改良,赋予其德性基础和实施层面的灵活性,同时倡导用简法来代替密法。The laws of the Ming Dynasty were strict,and the scholars developed a culture of“losing of integrity and shame”in their fear and anxiety.Chuanshan conducted a profound philosophical reflection on this trend,believing that it is closely related to“Shenhan Jun⁃fa”(申韩峻法).He rebuked part of the rationalists as the representatives of“Junzi Confucians”(君子儒).He thought that although the“Junzi Confucians”represented Confucianism,they were actually officials of legalism.He pointed out that under the governance system of“external Confucianism and internal law”,the relationship between Confucianism and law is chaotic and rampant,the“Shen⁃han Junfa”was unable to flourish,and the people live in dire straits.The legal model and structure urgently needed to be adjusted.On the one hand,Chuanshan highly praised the Confucian concept of the rule of virtue and affirmed its fundamental position in social gov⁃ernance.On the other hand,he advocated for the improvement of the“Shenhan Junfa”at that time,endowing it with flexibility and mor⁃al foundation.At the same time,he advocated using the simplified law to replace the secret law.

关 键 词：王船山 批判 申韩峻法 君子儒 

分 类 号：B248[哲学宗教—中国哲学]