学术聘任制改革的全球扩散及其多元形态  

The Global Spread of Academic Appointment System Reform and Its Diverse Forms

作　　者：王思懿 姚荣 WANG Siyi;YAO Rong(School of Public Administration,Southwestern University of Finance and Economics,Chengdu,Sichuan 611130,China;Institute of Higher Education,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062,China)

机构地区：[1]西南财经大学公共管理学院,四川成都611130 [2]华东师范大学高等教育研究所,上海200062

出　　处：《河北师范大学学报（教育科学版）》2024年第3期51-60,共10页Journal of Hebei Normal University(Educational Science)

基　　金：2022年教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“我国研究型大学教师‘准聘-长聘’制改革的实施效应及优化路径研究”(项目号22YJC880074)。

摘　　要：20世纪90年代以来,受新公共管理运动和全球学术劳动力市场深度变革的影响,以终身教职制度为特征的美国学术聘任模式作为一种“典范”开始向其他国家和地区扩散,并呈现出制度内核趋同与形态多元的扩散格局。不同国家高等教育治理与法律规制的传统、高校教师的法律地位及学术劳动力市场的差异,使学术聘任制改革呈现出复杂性与多样性。其中德国采用了国家主导的、以立法规制为手段的自上而下的改革进路;中国则发展出事业单位体制改革背景下高校自主探索与国家政策吸纳相结合的府学互动的改革路径;芬兰的大学在获得独立法人地位之后,自下而上主动发起了以提升国际竞争力为目标的人事制度改革。各国在新型人事制度移植与扩散的过程中,不可避免地面临着复杂的法律风险与观念冲突。如何在传统与现代、专业自主与管理控制、职业安全与绩效竞争之间寻求平衡,如何将新型人事制度嵌入特定的国家治理与法律框架之中,构成学术聘任制改革的关键议题。Since the 1990s,influenced by the new public management movement and profound changes in the global academic labor market,the American model of academic appointments,particularly the tenure system,has been diffusing to other countries and regions.This diffusion demonstrates a convergence in core system principles while diversifying in its forms.The unique traditions in higher education governance and legal regulations across countries,the legal standing of university teachers,and variations in academic labor markets contribute to the complexity and diversity of reforms in the academic appointment system.Germany,for instance,has pursued a top-down reform approach led by the government through legislative regulations.China,on the other hand,has adopted a reform approach involving government-university interactions,blending independent explorations by colleges and universities with national policy endorsement amidst institutional reforms.After attaining the status of independent legal entities,Finnish universities have initiated bottom-up reforms in their personnel systems to enhance international competitiveness.However,in the process of adopting and diffusing these new personnel systems,countries often encounter complex legal risks and conceptual conflicts.Balancing tradition and modernity,professional autonomy and managerial oversight,and job security and performance competition,and integrating new personnel systems into specific national governance and legal frameworks are crucial challenges in reforming academic appointment systems.

关 键 词：学术聘任制改革 学术职业 全球扩散 多元形态 

分 类 号：G510[文化科学—教育学]