人类文化学习的认知工具论:社会脑双系统视角  

Cognitive Gadgets in Human Cultural Learning:A Dual System of Social Brain Perspective

作　　者：冯骏 陈巍 Feng Jun;Chen Wei(Jing Hengyi School of Education,Hangzhou Normal University,Hangzhou 310018;Department of Psychology,ShaoXing University,ShaoXing 312000)

机构地区：[1]杭州师范大学经亨颐教育学院,杭州310018 [2]绍兴文理学院心理学系,绍兴312000

出　　处：《浙江社会科学》2024年第5期116-125,106,160,共12页Zhejiang Social Sciences

摘　　要：文化演化心理学强调文化是超越于先天-后天争论的人类心灵有别于其他动物的最重要资源。认知工具是人类特有的、特定区域集成的高阶认知加工过程。在个体层面上,认知工具是一种通过个体发展早期的社会互动组合而成的装置,而不是“先天模块”或“认知本能”;在群体层面上,它通过文化学习以保持、发展和传递其功能。读心和模拟是两种核心的认知工具,其功能获得了来自社会脑双系统假设和实验证据的支持:心智化系统负责读心,而镜像神经元系统负责模拟。最终,认知工具论使自身建立在了文化演化而非基因演化的达尔文式新进路基础之上。Cultural evolutionary psychology emphasizes that culture is the third source besides nature and nurture,which distinguishes the human mind from other animals.Cognitive gadgets are human specific,domain-specific cognitive processes(or integrated collections of cognitive processes).At the individual level,cognitive gadgets are assembled through childhood social interactions rather than“innate modules”or“cognitive instincts”;at the group level,they are through cultural learning to fulfil their functions.Mind-reading and simulation are the two core cognitive gadgets whose functions are supported by social brain dual-systems theory and experimental evidence,with the mentalizing system responsible for mind-reading and the mirror neuron system responsible for simulation.Ultimately,cognitive gadgets established itself on the basis of a Darwinian new path of cultural evolution rather than genetic evolution.

关 键 词：文化演化心理学 认知工具 文化学习 读心 镜像神经元 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]