儿童利益最大化原则的功能重释与立法表达:以《学前教育法(草案)》为例  

Reinterpretation and Legislative Expression of the Best Interests of the Child:Taking the "Preschool Education Law" (Draft) as an Example

作　　者：尹婷 王文卓 YIN Ting;WANG Wenzhuo(Law School,Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044,China;Beijing's Student Campus Injury Accident Dispute Mediation and Research Center,Beijing 102401,China)

机构地区：[1]北京交通大学法学院,北京100044 [2]北京市学生校园伤害事故纠纷调解与研究中心,北京102401

出　　处：《北京教育学院学报》2024年第3期31-37,共7页Journal of Beijing Institute of Education

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助“预防性行政公益诉讼研究”(2021RCW111)。

摘　　要：学前教育立法过程中面对转化、落实儿童最佳利益原则的需求,先后选取了“儿童利益最大化原则”“最有利于学前儿童原则”的表述方式。作为儿童权利保护领域的重要原则,该原则在我国立法上尚未形成约定俗成的处理方式,面对的最大障碍是该原则的不同表述方式带来的不确定性。该原则脱胎于英美判例法,在产生之初高度依赖法官裁量,经由《儿童权利公约》等国际规范确认和阐释,该原则的适用范围与功能均得到拓展,呈现出“权利、原则、程序机制”三重面向。学前教育立法需要从转换立法视角、列举评估最佳利益要素、健全程序机制等方面落实该原则,选择具体的立法表述方式时要与不同层次的功能相适应,避免过度简化,宜采用直译的“儿童最佳利益原则”。In the legislation of "Preschool Education Law"(Draft),there was a need to transform and implement the best interests of the child.Consequently,different expressions such as "the best interests of children" and "most beneficial to preschool children" were successively adopted.As a crucial principle in protecting child rights,it has not yet been establish as a widely accepted approach in China′s legislation,with the primary obstacle being the uncertainty brought by different expressions of the principle.Originating from Anglo-American case law,the principle,since its creation,has heavily relied on judicial discretion.Through affirmation and interpretation in international norms such as the Convention on the Rights of the Child,the scope and functionality of the principle have been expanded,demonstrating three distinct facets:rights,principles,and procedure.In the legislation of preschool education,it is necessary to implement this principle by shifting legislative perspectives,enumerating and assessing the elements of the best interests,and establishing sound procedural mechanisms.The choice of specific legislative expressions should adopt the expression of "the best interests of the child" which suits to various levels of its functions and avoid over-simplicity.

关 键 词：学前教育立法 未成年人 儿童利益 

分 类 号：G619.2[文化科学—学前教育学]