富氮气调--磷化氢的可供替换技术  

Nitrogen as an Alternative to Phosphine(Chinese and English versions)

作　　者：Manjree AGARWAL James NEWMAN Yan-yu LI Li GU Bei-bei LI Yong-lin REN 李燕羽(译) Manjree AGARWAL;James NEWMAN;Yan-yu LI;Li GU;Bei-bei LI;Yong-in REN(ChemCentre,Government of Western Australia,Perth WA 6102,Australia;CBH Group Australia,Perth WA 6000,Australia;College of Environmental and Life Sciences,Murdoch University,Perth WA 6150,Australia;Institute of Grain Storage and Logistics,Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration,Beijing 100037,China)

机构地区：[1]西澳大利亚政府化学中心,澳大利亚珀斯WA 6102 [2]CBH澳大利亚谷物有限公司,澳大利亚珀斯WA 6000 [3]默多克大学环境和生命科学学院,澳大利亚珀斯WA 6150 [4]国家粮食和物资储备局科学研究院粮食储运研究所,北京100037 [5]国家粮食和物资储备局科学研究院粮食储运研究所

出　　处：《粮油食品科技》2024年第3期55-68,共14页Science and Technology of Cereals,Oils and Foods

基　　金：澳大利亚政府合作研究中心项目--磷化氢的可供替换技术(CRC50147)。

摘　　要：在粮食储藏上利用氮气的方法已经有30多年的历史,但直到最近经济有效的变压吸附(PSA)和膜分离(MS)制氮设备的出现,才使得该技术在储粮上使用成为可能。本研究首先在25、30和35℃、99%、98%和97%氮气的环境下,对小麦、大麦、燕麦、羽扇豆和油菜籽中的花斑皮蠹、赤拟谷盗、谷蠹和米象成虫和非成虫虫态进行了为期4、3和2周的实验室生物测定。然后在终端用户LakeGrace和CBH(Cooperative BulkHandling)谷物进出口公司Albany出口港码头开展实仓验证,测定小麦、大麦和油菜籽中不同储粮害虫虫种和油菜籽瓢虫和肖叶甲类两种田间害虫的防治效果。同时对处理后的粮食品质进行了测定。实验结果表明,害虫死亡率随着氧气浓度降低、暴露时间和温度的增加而增加,富氮低氧在低温条件下不能100%致死花斑皮蠹幼虫。氮气处理对磷化氢抗性和敏感品系储粮害虫防治效果没有差异。与其他粮种相比,在油菜籽中的防治效果更好。各种粮种的水分含量、蛋白质、含油量、淀粉和籽粒颜色品质指标均未受到影响。成功开发了富氮低氧商业规模应用模式,为磷化氢高抗性害虫治理提供了解决方案,满足市场日益增长对无害虫和无化学残留粮食的需求。The use of nitrogen gas in grain storage has a history of over 30 years.However,it wasn't until the recent emergence of economically efficient pressure swing adsorption(PSA)and membrane separation(MS)nitrogen production equipment that this technology became viable for grain storage.This study first conducted laboratory bioassays over 4,3,and 2 weeks on wheat,barley,oats,lupin,and canola seeds,exposing them to environments of 25°C,30°C,and 35°C with nitrogen concentrations of 99%,98%,and 97%.The study focused on assessing the adult and immature stages of Trogoderma variabile,Tribolium castaneum,Rhyzopertha dominica,and Sitophilus oryzae.Subsequently,in-field verification was carried out at the Lake Grace terminal and the Cooperative Bulk Handling(CBH)grain export terminal in Albany,evaluating the efficacy of controlling various storage grain pests and field pests in wheat,barley,and canola seeds,as well as assessing the quality of treated grains.The results showed that pest mortality increased with decreasing oxygen concentration,increasing exposure time,and temperature.However,under low-temperature conditions,nitrogen-rich low-oxygen treatment did not achieve 100%mortality of Trogoderma variabile larvae.There was no significant difference in the efficacy of controlling storage pests resistant or sensitive to phosphine.Canola seeds showed better control efficacy compared to other grains.Furthermore,the moisture content,protein,oil content,starch,and grain color quality indicators of various grains were unaffected.A commercially scalable nitrogen-rich low-oxygen application model was successfully developed,providing a solution for controlling pests resistant to phosphine and meeting the growing market demand for insect-free and chemical residue-free grains.

关 键 词：气调储藏 害虫治理 磷化氢抗药性 粮食品质 应用模式 

分 类 号：TS205[轻工技术与工程—食品科学]