量子力学革命是一次“小写的近代科学革命”  

The Quantum Mechanics Revolution:A"Secondary Modern Scientific Revolution"

作　　者：肖显静 Xiao Xianjing(Institute for Science,Technology and Society,South China Normal University,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510006,China)

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学科学技术与社会研究院,广东广州510006

出　　处：《长沙理工大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第3期24-35,共12页Journal of Changsha University of Science and Technology：Social Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(16ZDA112);教育部哲学社会科学后期资助重大项目(22JHQ003)。

摘　　要：科学革命分为“大写的科学革命”和“小写的科学革命”。“旧量子论”是经验拟合的“特设性假说”。“新量子论”的革命性特征与近代科学相符合:量子力学认识对象本体论预设是机械的,认识论预设认识对象与认识者是分离的且是真理性追求的,方法论预设是祛魅的且是机械还原的。就此而言,量子力学革命是近代科学革命的延续,是一次“小写的近代科学革命”。至于现代科学革命,是有机论自然观基础上相应的方法论原则,如返魅性原则、复杂性原则、整体性原则、非决定性原则的贯彻。以此考察量子力学,它不属于现代科学革命。Scientific revolution can be divided into"the meta⁃scientific revolution"and"the secondary⁃scientific revolution".The"old quantum theory"is an"ad hoc hypothesis"of empirical fitting.The revolutionary features of the"new quantum theory"are in line with modern science,which are as follows:The ontological presupposition of the cognitive object of quantum mechanics is mechanical,the relationship between both the cognitive object and the epistemologist of epistemological presupposition is separated and pursued by truth,and the methodological presupposition is a kind of disenchantment and mechanical restoration.In this sense,the quantum mechanics revolution is a continuation to modern scientific revolution,a"secondary modern scientific revolution".The contemporary scientific revolution is the corresponding methodological principles on the basis of organistic outlook on nature,such as the principles of reenchantment,of complexity,of wholeness and of non⁃determinism.To examine quantum mechanics accordingly is not a part of contemporary scientific revolution.

关 键 词：量子力学 范式 科学革命 自然观 方法论 

分 类 号：N09[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]