中国农村居民食物消费的习惯形成效应及其对超重肥胖的影响  

Habit Formation Effect of Food Consumption and Its Impact on Overweight and Obesity in Rural China

作　　者：问锦尚 韩昕儒[1] 郑志浩 WEN Jinshang;HAN Xinru;ZHENG Zhihao

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业经济与发展研究所,北京100081 [2]中国农业大学北京食品安全政策与战略研究基地,北京100083

出　　处：《农业技术经济》2024年第4期18-38,共21页Journal of Agrotechnical Economics

基　　金：中国农业科学院科技创新工程(编号:10-IAED-08-2023);北京市社会科学基金研究基地项目“食物偏好对成年居民超重肥胖的影响研究”(编号:18JDGLB046);中国农业大学2115人才工程。

摘　　要：随着生活水平的提高,中国农村居民超重肥胖问题迅速蔓延,该现象背后隐含着对个人人力资本积累的不利影响以及对社会经济发展的治理负担。超重肥胖的主要原因是食物消费结构不合理。在影响居民食物消费的因素中,除收入和价格等传统要素外,居民长期以来形成的食物消费习惯不容忽视。本文基于中国健康与营养调查(CHNS)数据,采用嵌入动态机制的近乎完美需求系统(AIDS)模型和人体体重形成模型,搭建了“价格/收入—食物—卡路里—体质指数(BMI)”联动关系式,实证分析中国农村居民食物消费的习惯形成效应及其对超重肥胖状况的影响。研究结果显示,农村居民食物消费具有显著的习惯形成效应,其中,食用油、谷物、蔬菜的习惯形成效应强度大于其他食物类别;食物消费的习惯形成效应强化了农村居民食物消费需求对于收入和食物价格变动的敏感程度;食物消费结构变化引致的营养结构变化是导致农村居民超重肥胖的主要因素;食物消费的习惯形成效应加剧了经济增长背景下农村居民超重肥胖的蔓延趋势。因此,应加强营养均衡导向的健康饮食模式的长期宣传,逐步引导农村居民形成科学健康的饮食习惯,通过饮食干预措施从根源处遏制农村地区超重肥胖蔓延趋势。With the improvement of living standard,the problem of overweight and obesity among Chinese rural residents has spread rapidly,which implies adverse impact on individual human capital accumulation and governance burden on social and economic development.The fundamental problem of overweight and obesity lies in unreasonable structure of food consumption.Among factors affecting residents'food consumption,in addition to traditional factors such as income and price,residents'food consumption habits formed for a long time should not be ignored.Based on the data of China Health and Nutrition Survey(CHNS),this study sets up a linkage relationship of"price/income-food-calories-body mass index(BMI)",and empirically analyzes the habit formation effect of food consumption in rural adults and its impact on overweight and obesity by using the Almost Ideal Demand System(AIDS)model with dynamic mechanism,and body weight formation model.The results show that the food consumption behavior of rural adults have significant habit formation effect,among them,the habit formation effect of edible oil,grain,and vegetable are stronger than other categories.The habit formation effect of food consumption strengthen the sensitivity of rural adults'food consumption demand to changes in income and food prices.The change of nutrition structure caused by the change of diet structure is the main factor leading to the overweight and obesity in rural residents,and the habit formation effect of food consumption aggravates the trend of overweight and obesity in rural adults under the background of economic growth.Therefore,it is necessary to strengthen the long-term publicity of healthy diet model with balanced nutrition,gradually guide rural residents to form scientific and healthy eating habits,and curb the spread of overweight and obesity in rural areas from the root through dietary intervention measures.

关 键 词：农村居民 食物消费 习惯形成 超重肥胖 

分 类 号：F126.1[经济管理—世界经济] R151.45[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]