缅甸中小学历史教科书中的中国形象  

The Image of China in Myanmar's History Textbooks for Primary and Secondary Schools

作　　者：李涛[1] 吴杨珍 LI Tao;WU Yang-zhen

机构地区：[1]云南大学国际关系研究院&区域国别研究院 [2]云南大学国际关系研究院

出　　处：《南亚东南亚研究》2023年第6期40-58,153,154,共21页South and Southeast Asian Studies

基　　金：2021年国家社科基金重点项目“东南亚国家中小学历史教科书中的涉华重大叙事研究”(项目编号:21ASS006);云南大学2023年度校级人文社科研究项目“创设专门保护‘一带一路’海外利益双边条约的对策建议”(项目编号:2023YNUZK05)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：作为官方教材,历史教科书既是连接文化知识与师生的重要媒介,也是塑造国民文化价值观的专用载体。缅甸历史教科书中建构的中国形象,无疑是一面镜子,既能折射出历史与当今缅甸的历史观念和立场,也可以考察不同时期缅甸的对外关系与中缅关系。通过对10年制最后版和12年制最新版缅甸中小学历史教科书中重要涉华叙事的整理与分析,发现缅甸历史教科书中的中国形象按国家行为体分为拥有悠久的历史与自强不息的民族精神的整体中国形象,胞波兄弟双向互动的中国对缅形象,以及冲突与交流并存的古代中国在中国周边地区塑造的形象。缅甸历史教科书中的重大涉华叙事清晰地反映了缅甸官方及民众对我国的关注点和叙事倾向。全面地审视他者眼中“中国”形象的差异,能够更深刻地理解缅甸的对华认知程度,为开展中缅双边、多边对话,处理中缅之间的焦点热点问题,提升中缅关系等提供佐证和依据;可为中国构建、维护在缅甸的积极正面中国国家形象及提升文化软实力提供现实参考,在开展中缅之间人文交流过程中更好地“讲述中国故事”。As official teaching materials,history textbooks serve as an important medium for connecting cultural knowledge with learners and also serve as a specialized carrier for shaping the cultural values of young people.The image of China in Myanmar's history textbooks undoubtedly serves as a mirror,reflecting not only the historical and contemporary relations between China and Myanmar but also providing insights into Myanmar's national image through its portrayal of China.By organizing and analyzing the important narratives related to China in the final edition of Myanmar's history textbooks under the 10-year curriculum and the latest edition under the 12-year curriculum for primary and secondary schools,the image of China in Myanmar's history textbooks can be categorized into three aspects based on national behavior:the overall image of China with a long history and an indomitable spirit of self-improvement;the image of China interacting with Myanmar as paukphaw brothers(fraternal brotherhood);and the regional image of China characterized by both conflict and communication.From the major Chinarelated narratives in Myanmar's history textbooks,it is feasible to discern the focal points and narrative tendency of the Myanmar government and its people towards China,and then comprehensively examine the differences in the image of China as perceived by others.Therefore,we can gain a deeper understanding of the extent of Myanmar's perception of China,which can provide evidence and basis for conducting bilateral and multilateral dialogues between China and Myanmar,addressing focal and sensitive issues between the two countries,and enhancing China-Myanmar relations.This can provide evidence and basis for conducting bilateral and multilateral dialogues between China and Myanmar,dealing with the hot issues between China and Myanmar,and improving China-Myanmar relations,etc.It can also serve as a practical reference for China to construct and uphold a positive image in Myanmar and enhance its cultural soft power,thus better"telli

关 键 词：缅甸中小学 历史教科书 中国形象 中缅关系 胞波 

分 类 号：G633.51[文化科学—教育学]