激光距离选通三维成像技术研究进展(特邀)  

Advances of laser range-gated three-dimensional imaging(invited)

作　　者：王新伟[1,2,3] 孙亮 张岳[1] 宋博 夏晨昊 周燕 Wang Xinwei;Sun Liang;Zhang Yue;Song Bo;Xia Chenhao;Zhou Yan(Optoelectronic System Laboratory,Institute of Semiconductors,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100083,China;School of Electronic,Electrical and Communication Engineering,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院半导体研究所光电系统实验室,北京100083 [2]中国科学院大学电子电气与通信工程学院,北京100049 [3]中国科学院大学材料与光电研究中心,北京100049

出　　处：《红外与激光工程》2024年第4期23-41,共19页Infrared and Laser Engineering

基　　金：北京市自然科学基金重点研究专题项目(Z200006);国家科技部重点研发计划课题项目(2022YFF1300103);国家自然科学基金面上项目(42276197);中国科学院青年创新促进会优秀会员项目(Y2021044)。

摘　　要：随着人工智能时代的到来,同时获得反映目标辐射特性和纹理特征的高分辨率强度图像以及反映目标和所处场景的三维空间信息的稠密点云数据/三维图像的激光相机雷达技术已成为激光雷达的发展趋势。传统的摄像机与激光雷达复合的技术方案存在异源数据融合问题,尤其是在雾雨雪天气条件下以及水下等传输链路中存在严重散射的情况时难以有效工作。激光距离选通三维成像技术利用单一门控成像器件可同时获得高质量二维强度图像和高分辨率三维图像,其二维图像中的像素和三维图像中的体素一一对应,并继承了激光距离选通成像透散射成像的技术优势,具有实现高性能激光相机雷达的技术潜力。论文系统综述了步进延时扫描、增益调制、距离能量相关等激光距离选通三维成像技术的研究进展,介绍了该类技术的国内外典型应用情况,最后分析了该领域所面临的挑战及进一步发展方向和应用前景。Significance Traditional light detection and ranging(LiDAR)can obtain point cloud data of three-dimensional(3D)scenes,but it is often difficult to obtain high-quality intensity images.Therefore,a technical solution that combines LiDAR and cameras is usually used,where LiDAR senses 3D spatial information and cameras obtain high-definition texture images of the scene.However,this composite technical solution faces the problem of heterogeneous data fusion.For example,in self-driving and driver assistance systems there are different working distances of the two sensors under severe weather or low light level conditions,and it is hard to achieve effective data fusion,which leads to performance degradation or failure.With the advent of the artificial intelligence era,light ranging and imaging(LiRAI)that simultaneously obtains high-resolution intensity images and dense 3D images of targets and scenes,has become a development trend of LiDAR.That means a single sensor can realize light ranging and imaging instead of light detection and ranging,and thus the heterogeneous data mismatch problem of LiDAR and camera composite technology can be solved.In essence,laser range-gated 3D imaging(Gated3D)technology is a kind of gated LiRAI,since it can utilize a single gated camera to simultaneously obtain high-quality 2D intensity images and high-resolution 3D images.Gated3D has gained much attention in the applications of long-range surveillance,advanced driving assistance system and underwater imaging,owing to its long working distance,fast imaging speed,high resolution and the ability to suppress medium backscattering noise.Unlike traditional imaging methods that indiscriminately capture targets and backgrounds within the fieldof-view,laser range-gated imaging selectively captures targets within a specific distance range-of-interest(ROI),which filters out medium backscattering noise in the imaging chain,as well as background noise outside the ROI,thereby increasing the imaging distance and enhancing the image quality.Moreover,dif

关 键 词：距离选通成像 三维成像 激光雷达 激光相机雷达 距离能量相关 

分 类 号：TN29[电子电信—物理电子学]