高速列车座椅调节参数对舒适性的影响研究  

Study on the effect of seat adjustment parameters on comfort in high-speed trains

作　　者：郝安娜 李银霞[1] 呼慧敏[2,3] 姜良奎 罗玲 牛文磊 HAO Anna;LI Yinxia;HU Huimin;JIANG Liangkui;LUO Ling;NIU Wenlei(College of Mechanical Engineering,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450001;Ergonomics Laboratory,China National Institute of Standardization,Beijing 100191;SAMR Key Laboratory of Human Factors and Ergonomics,Beijing 100820;CRRC Qingdao Sifang Co.,Ltd.,Qingdao 266111)

机构地区：[1]郑州大学机械与动力工程学院,河南郑州450001 [2]中国标准化研究院人类工效学实验室,北京100191 [3]国家市场监管重点实验室(人因与工效学),北京100820 [4]中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司,山东青岛266111

出　　处：《机械设计》2024年第4期83-88,共6页Journal of Machine Design

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFF0615902);国家市场监督管理总局科技计划项目(2023MK192);中央基本科研业务费项目(522023Y-10381)。

摘　　要：为研究高速列车座椅参数对不同身高百分位人群的舒适性影响程度,文中对第5百分位、第50百分位及第95百分位人群在不同调节参数下开展主观舒适性和体压分布的试验研究。针对座椅调节参数对舒适性的影响,选择座面高度、座面深度、座面倾角和靠背倾角4个参数作为因素,设计4因素3水平的正交试验。采用极差法和灰色关联度分析法对正交试验数据进行分析,得到了座椅调节参数对3类百分位人群主观舒适性的影响规律及座椅参数的优化组合,同时得到了体压分布指标与主观舒适性的关联程度。研究发现:座椅调节参数对不同身高百分位人群的主观舒适性影响不同;第5百分位人群舒适性受座椅的靠背倾角和座面高度影响较大;第50百分位和第95百分位人群受靠背倾角、座面倾角影响较大;体压分布指标与不同人群主观舒适性的关联程度不同。研究结果可为高速列车座椅的参数优化和舒适性提升提供参考依据。In order to study the influence of seat parameters on the comfort of different height percentile groups in high-speed trains,experimental studies on subjective comfort and body pressure distribution of the 5th,50th and 95th percentile groups with varying parameters of adjustment were carried out in the paper.A four-factor,three-level orthogonal test was designed to investigate the effects of seat adjustment parameters on comfort,choosing four parameters as factors:seat height,seat depth,seat inclination and backrest inclination.The data from the orthogonal test were analysed by using the extreme deviation method and grey correlation analysis.The effects of the seat adjustment parameters on the subjective comfort of the three percentile groups were obtained,as well as the optimised combinations of the seat parameters,and the correlation between the body pressure distribution indexes and the subjective comfort was also obtained.It is found that the seat adjustment parameters have different effects on the subjective comfort of different height percentile groups;the comfort of the 5th percentile group is greatly affected by the backrest inclination and seat height;the 50th and 95th percentile groups are greatly affected by the backrest inclination and seat inclination;and the correlation between the body pressure distribution indexes and the subjective comfort of different groups is different.The results of this study can provide a reference basis for optimising the parameters and improving the comfort of high-speed train seats.

关 键 词：高速列车 座椅调节参数 舒适性 体压分布 正交试验 

分 类 号：U270.38[机械工程—车辆工程]