基于三维激光扫描的矿山法隧道超欠挖及平整度智能化检测  

Intelligent Inspection Based on 3D Laser Scanning of Overbreak,Underbreak and Flatness of Tunnel by Mining Method

作　　者：齐成龙 QI Chenglong(Civil Engineering Design Research Institute,China Railway Design Corporation,Tianjin 300308,China)

机构地区：[1]中国铁路设计集团有限公司土建工程设计研究院,天津300308

出　　处：《铁路技术创新》2024年第2期99-105,共7页Railway Technical Innovation

基　　金：中国国家铁路集团有限公司科技研究开发计划项目[N2023G070,N2023G080-A(JB)]。

摘　　要：为了提高矿山法隧道施工过程中的超欠挖及平整度检测水平,将三维激光扫描与其他信息化手段结合,取得了一定的研究成果。但是,超欠挖检测主要采用断面法实现,未充分发挥三维技术优势;平整度检测主要通过最大凹凸点到拟合平面的距离进行计算,不符合现行规范的靠尺法要求。针对上述问题,利用切割、去噪、补全、降采样等算法,进行激光扫描点云预处理;通过聚类及BPA算法,将点云转化为空间三角网;借助三角网格投影及棱柱体体积积分,统计三维超欠挖情况;综合运用k-d树和八叉树算法,模拟靠尺法平整度计算流程,完成三维平整度计算。在实际工程项目中进行应用验证,最终实现矿山法隧道施工阶段的智能化超欠挖和平整度检测。In order to improve the inspection of overbreak,underbreak and flatness during tunnel works by mining method,certain research results have been achieved by equipping 3D laser scanning with many other information technologies.However,overbreak and underbreak are mainly inspected by section method,which does not give full play to the advantages of 3D technology;flatness is mainly calculated by the distance from the largest concave and convex point to the fitting plane,which fails to meet the requirements of using guiding ruler method in current specifications.In view of the above problems,laser scanning point cloud pre-processing is carried out by using cutting,denoising,completion,downsampling and other algorithms;the point cloud is converted into a spatial triangulation network through clustering and BPA algorithm;3D status of overbreak and underbreak are counted with the help of triangular grid projection and prism volume integral;k-d tree and octree algorithms are comprehensively used to simulate the flatness calculation process of guiding ruler method,thus accomplishing 3D flatness calculation.It is verified during the application in actual engineering projects,thus finally enabling the intelligent inspection of the overbreak,underbreak and flatness of the tunnel works by mining method.

关 键 词：隧道 点云 平整度 超欠挖 靠尺法 K-D树 智能化检测 

分 类 号：U455[建筑科学—桥梁与隧道工程]