不同脱胶工艺对菜籽油品质及油脚中磷脂组成的影响  

Effects of degumming processes on rapeseed oil quality and composition of phospholipids in oil sediment

作　　者：袁曼雨 吴亦珺 周文婷 从艳霞 齐玉堂 张维农 YUAN Man-yu;WU Yi-jun;ZHOU Wen-ting;CONG Yan-xia;QI Yu-tang;ZHANG Wei-nong(College of Food Science and Engineering,Wuhan Polytechnic University,Wuhan 430023,China;Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing and Transformation,Wuhan 430023,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉轻工大学食品科学与工程学院,湖北武汉430023 [2]农产品加工与转化湖北省重点实验室,湖北武汉430023

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2024年第2期430-436,共7页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：“十四五”国家重点研发计划课题(2021YFD1600504);农产品加工与转化湖北省重点实验室开放基金(2020HBSQGDKFB15)。

摘　　要：以菜籽毛油为原料,分析不同脱胶工艺条件下菜籽油的酸价、过氧化值、含磷量、甾醇、生育酚和甘油二酯的变化情况,以及脱脂油脚中磷脂的组成及含量。结果表明:基于不同脱胶原理的脱胶方法在脱胶能力上存在显著差异,酶法脱胶效果优于水化脱胶,与磷脂酶C相比,磷脂酶A1酶法脱胶效果更彻底;脱胶后菜籽油的过氧化值和酸价都呈下降趋势,磷脂酶A1酶法脱胶油酸价降低程度最小;脱胶油中生育酚和甾醇含量略有下降,最大降幅约为5%;PLC酶法脱胶油中甘油二酯含量显著上升;脱胶油中1,3-甘油二酯与1,2-甘油二酯含量的比例下降,其比例范围为(2.2~3.0):1。经不同脱胶工艺处理后,脱脂油脚中磷脂组成与含量存在明显差异,水化脱胶油脚中磷脂总量最高,磷脂酶A1酶法脱胶油脚中溶血磷脂含量最高,磷脂酶C酶法脱胶油脚中磷脂酰肌醇含量最高。The changes of acid value,peroxide value,phosphorus content,phytosterols,tocopherols and diglycerides of rapeseed oil,as well as the composition and content of phospholipids in degummed oil feet(oil sediment)were investigated under different degumming conditions using rapeseed crude oil as raw material.There were significant differences in degumming capabilities among water degumming and enzymatic degumming,enzymatic degumming showed more competence than water degumming,meanwhile,phospholipase A1 enzymatic degumming was more thorough compared with that of phospholipase C.The peroxide value and acid value of rapeseed oil showed a decreasing trend after degumming,additionally,the acid value of phospholipase A1 decreased the least.The content of tocopherols and phytosterols in degummed oil decreased slightly,with a maximum decrease of about 5%.Diacylglycerols content in phospholipase C enzymatic degumming increased significantly,meanwhile,the ratio of 1,3-diacylglycerols to 1,2-diacylglycerols in degummed oil decreased,with the ratio ranging from(2.2-3.0):1.There were significant differences in the composition and content of phospholipids in degummed oil feet after different degumming processes,which phospholipase A1 enzymatic degumming oil feet owned the highest content of lysophospholipids,and phospholipase C enzymatic degumming oil feet had the highest content of phosphatidylinositol.

关 键 词：菜籽油 脱胶 油脚 磷脂 

分 类 号：TS22[轻工技术与工程—粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程] TQ645.1[轻工技术与工程—食品科学与工程]