自然的退隐与实验的崛起:百年小学科学教科书中科学传统的变迁  

The Retirement of Nature and the Rise of Experiments:The Changes of Scientific Tradition in Centennial Primary School Science Textbooks

作　　者：张学鹏 ZHANG Xuepeng

机构地区：[1]北京联合大学师范学院,北京100101

出　　处：《天津市教科院学报》2024年第2期3-13,共11页Journal of Tianjin Academy of Educational Science

基　　金：2023年北京市教委科研计划一般项目“北京市小学跨学科课程开发的关键问题与提升策略”(SM202311417016)。

摘　　要：对科学传统的表达和呈现是认识科学教育和课程的重要参照,研究以科学传统的三维划分(博物、实验和数理)为框架,按照清末民初(1904—1922)、民国新学制后(1922—1949)、新中国成立后(1949—1978)、改革开放后(1978—2001)、新世纪课程改革后(2001—2023)五阶段划分,对我国自现代学制建立后的小学科学教科书中的科学传统进行了系统梳理、统计和内容分析。结果显示,百年以来,自然从课本中不断退隐,原本居于首要位置的博物学传统在小学科学教科书中日益衰落,实验传统取而代之,成为最强势的科学传统,数理传统从寂寂无闻兴起成为重要的科学传统。The expression and presentation of scientific tradition is an important reference for understanding science education and curriculum.Based on the three-dimensional division of scientific tradition(tradition of natural history,experimental tradition,mathematical tradition),the research divides the development history of primary school science textbooks into five stages:late Qing and early Republic of China(1904-1922),after the New School System of the Republic of China(1922-1949),after the founding of the People′s Republic of China(1949-1978),and after the Reform and Opening up(1978-2001),after the Curriculum Reform in the New Century(2001-2023),a systematic review,statistical analysis,and content analysis were conducted on the scientific traditions in primary school science textbooks in China since the establishment of the modern school system.The results show that over the past century,nature has been continuously declining from textbooks,and the tradition of natural history,which was originally the primary position,has been increasingly declining in primary school science textbooks.The experimental tradition has replaced it and become the most powerful scientific tradition.The mathematical tradition has become an important scientific tradition,starting from obscurity.

关 键 词：小学 科学教科书 科学传统 博物学传统 实验传统 数理传统 

分 类 号：G623.6[文化科学—教育学]