王阳明“无善无恶心之体”思想重释  

Reinterpretation of Wang Yangming’s Thought of“No Good and No Evil Is the Essence of the Heart”

作　　者：叶云 Ye Yun

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学哲学院,湖北武汉430073

出　　处：《中原文化研究》2024年第3期59-67,共9页The Central Plains Culture Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“陆王思想同异研究”(22CZX041)。

摘　　要：历来对于王阳明四句教首句“无善无恶心之体”中的“无善无恶”,学界多以至善无恶与无执著性解之。两种解释路向固然在阳明学中渊源有自,但也蕴含张力,不好统一。良知心体作为善的根据和来源,被强化为至善无恶之善,这与先前儒家所论尚无实质区别。但考诸阳明的说法,他以“无善无恶”说心之体,还表达了两层“无”的意义:其一是未发之中义,指良知心体未显发时不显露自身之为善的内容和标准;其二是自然知觉义,指良知心体遇事是非善恶自然知之、自然觉之的发用特性。阳明以“明莹无滞”,也即无执著性统称这两层含义,是其在佛道之学的影响下创造性诠释的结果。从今天的角度,可以看得比较清楚,良知心体未发之中、自然知觉二义,分别指的是隐默之知与当下呈现。Traditionally,for Yangming’s Four Sentences,“no good and no evil”in the first sentence of“No good and no evil is the essence of the heart”is often explained by the perfection with no evil and not persistent.Although the two explanations are self-sufficient in Yangming’s thought,they are also different and difficult to bridge.As a basis and source of goodness,the conscience of the mind is strengthened into the goodness of perfction with no evil,which is not substantially different from the previous Confucianism.However,according to Yangming’s statement,he expressed“No good and no evil is the essence of the heart”with two meanings of“Wu”.The first is Mean without manifestation,which means that the conscience does not reveal its own content and standards when it is not revealed.The second is natural awareness,which refers to the nature of the natural awareness of the right and wrong of the mind when things happened.Yangming collectively refers to these two meanings with the character of no persistence.And it is the result of creative interpretation under the influence of Buddhism and Taoism.From today’s point of view,it can be seen clearly,the two meanings of conscience,Mean without manifestation and natural awareness,refer to the tacit knowing and current presentation.

关 键 词：王阳明 四句教 无善无恶 未发之中 自然知觉 

分 类 号：B248.2[哲学宗教—中国哲学]