法官工作时间贫困感的前因及其司法决策后果的质性探究  

An exploration of the antecedents and consequences of judges’time poverty at work:A qualitative study

作　　者：张南 曹沛伶 李宁 孙晓敏 乔志宏 赵精武 ZHANG Nan;CAO Peiling;LI Ning;SUN Xiaomin;QIAO Zhihong;ZHAO Jingwu(Faculty of Psychology,Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education(Beijing Normal University),Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;School of Law,Beihang University,Beijing 100191,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学心理学部,应用实验心理北京市重点实验室,心理学国家级实验教学示范中心(北京师范大学),北京100875 [2]北京航空航天大学法学院,北京100191

出　　处：《心理学报》2024年第6期814-830,I0016-I0021,共23页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(72271031);国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFC0832400)。

摘　　要：“诉讼爆炸”时代背景下,“案多”与“人少”的现实矛盾愈演愈烈,法官工作时间贫困现象尤为突出。文章从“以人为中心”的视角出发,探索诱发法官工作时间贫困感的现实因素,及其影响司法决策质效的深层机制。研究采用深度访谈法,根据目的性抽样原则,以华北、华中、东南地区的审判与执行法官为对象(51人),形成访谈逐字稿一百余万字。基于扎根理论构建出工作时间贫困感的前因及其司法决策后果的双路径模型。研究表明:1)工作要求和工作资源的结构性失衡,即一方面是庞杂的工作内容与繁重的考核指标所造成的工作要求激增,而另一方面是人员配备和支持不足所造成的工作资源匮乏,共同催生了法官普遍体验到的时间贫困感。2)源于工作要求-资源失衡的时间贫困感,迫使法官个体采用“工作提速策略”与“工时延长策略”的应对方式,进而促使法官采用“结案导向”工作模式,同时加剧了法官内在身心资源的损耗,最终造成对司法决策质效的潜在威胁。In an era of“litigation explosion”,Chinese judges are faced with the challenge of effectively handling the overwhelming and increasing volume of court cases.To address the dilemma of“too many cases but too few judges”,previous research on judicial practice has mainly focused on improving the efficiency of litigation procedure.However,one critical aspect that has been largely neglected is the underlying psychological response of judges to this challenge,which may play a pivotal role in the effectiveness and quality of judicial decision making.To address this gap,the current research adopted a person-centered perspective,aiming to uncover the role played by the prevalent feeling of time poverty,the feeling of not having enough time to accomplish all work-related tasks,among judges.We delved into the antecedents that triggered judges’perception of time poverty,explored the consequences it had on judicial work,and unraveled the mechanisms through which time poverty influences the quality and efficiency of judicial decisions.Based on the grounded theory method,we conducted in-depth interviews with judges recruited through a purposeful sampling method.Specifically,participants consisted of judges(N=51)who came from various regions across North China,Central China,and Southeast China,and who worked for local People's Courts at various levels(i.e.,the primary,intermediate,and high People's Court)with tenures ranging from one to thirty-six years,ensuring a diverse representation of perspectives and experiences.The current study constructed an integrated model that elucidated the antecedents and consequences of the perception of time poverty within the realm of the judiciary.Findings revealed that(1)a mismatch between job demands,which were increased due to the numerous and detailed workloads and the burden of assessment requirements,and resources,which were decreased due to insufficient staffing,contributed to judges’time poverty at work,and(2)time poverty urged the judges to speed up judicial decisions as wel

关 键 词：法官 时间贫困感 司法决策 扎根理论 质性研究 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学] D926.2[哲学宗教—心理学]